What is the relationship between heart rate and blood pressure？

Basic human signs cannot be separated from blood pressure, respiration, and pulse.

As to whether there is a relationship between blood pressure and heart rate, I cannot say that there is not, but it is not a direct effect. Our heart rate can be affected by emotions. If we are too emotional, it will lead to a faster heart rate, and blood pressure may rise at this time, but the effect of emotions is only short-lived, and for healthy people, they can recover quickly, probably within a few minutes. However, for people with high blood pressure, it is not advisable to be overly emotional. A moment of rapid heart rate may cause blood pressure fluctuations and bring damage to the relevant organs, and it is best to be concerned to avoid excess damage.

Then hypertensive patients, heart rate to maintain how much will be beneficial to health? 

It depends on the situation. The heart rate range for a normal person is 60-100 beats per minute. In the case of patients with high blood pressure, it depends on heart health. For people without heart problems, a heart rate of 60-65 beats would be more appropriate. For people with heart problems, the heart rate should be kept between 55-60. There is no need to be too nervous, just pay more attention in your daily life and develop good habits that will help to maintain a normal heart rate.

How to maintain a normal heart rate

1. To ensure balanced nutrition in the body, to reduce the phenomenon of anemia. 

If you have anemia, the blood supply will be affected and the oxygen will not be sufficient. If the heart does not have sufficient blood and oxygen supply, the heartbeat will be affected and the heartbeat and breathing rate will become chaotic, which will disturb the person's emotions and bad moods, which will also speed up the heart rate. If you don't want to be anemic, it is recommended to eat a reasonable diet every day to ensure a balanced nutritional intake and to eat less unhealthy food.

2. It is also important to get a good sleep. 

Having a good sleep is good for blood circulation and body metabolism, and it also allows the body organs to get a good rest. If you stay up late for a long time and do not get enough sleep, it will affect the normal operation of the body and stimulate the nerves, which will affect the heart rate. Usually, it is still necessary to develop good sleep habits, and all things that disrupt sleep and food should be avoided in time.

3. An appropriate increase in physical exercise will also be beneficial to stabilize the heart rate. 

But a word of caution, that is, do not have too strenuous exercise, aerobic exercise is very good. Do not make mistakes when doing aerobic exercise, do not think that the more the better, do too much can also cause a rapid heart rate, which is also very bad for regulating blood pressure. Be relevant to your situation and go for exercise. Suitable projects would be walking, jogging.

consequence of a fast or slow heart rate in patients with hypertension

Patients with hypertension whose heart rate is greater than 84 beats per minute have a 1-fold increased risk of developing coronary heart disease compared to patients whose heart rate is less than 65 beats per minute.

Patients with hypertension who have a heart rate greater than 79 beats per minute have an 89% increased risk of death than those with a heart rate less than 79 beats per minute.

This is the truth, and the main reason why many hypertensive patients take antihypertensive drugs for years, but still have coronary heart disease and even sudden unexpected death, so hypertensive patients should not only control their blood pressure but strive to stabilize their heart rate within the target range, which is as important as controlling their blood pressure.

What causes increased heart rate in patients with hypertension

The main cause of increased heart rate in hypertensive patients is the overexcitation of sympathetic nerves, the triggers are mainly excessive salt intake, smoking, obesity, and disorders of blood sugar and fat metabolism, mostly seen in young and middle-aged hypertensive patients, the result will cause an increase in blood pressure, which can be manifested as accelerated breathing, swelling of the lower limbs, headache and dizziness, blurred vision, gum enlargement, and other symptoms. The increase in blood pressure will cause endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, resulting in cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia, and heart failure, which in turn will lead to an increased heart rate. As can be seen, the two are causal and affect each other, and the long-term existence of such a state will inevitably cause damage to the heart, brain, eyes, kidneys, and other important organs, and in serious cases can lead to sudden unexpected death. 

Therefore, patients with hypertension should control their blood pressure at least below 140/90mmHg, and at the same time, monitor their heart rate closely. Patients with hypertension combined with coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular diseases: start treatment immediately when the heart rate is greater than 70 beats per minute in a quiet state, and the treatment target is 55-60 beats per minute.

It should be reminded that the heart rate of hypertensive patients is not the slower the better, but too fast or too slow can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Is a smart blood pressure watch suitable for people with high blood pressure

Smart Blood Pressure Watch Definition

A smart blood pressure watch is a watch that is comparable in size to an ordinary watch and can be worn on the wrist for several hours or even days to monitor human blood pressure at any time. A smart blood pressure watch is a true wearable medical device, completely different from a wrist-type electronic blood pressure monitor, which can be worn on the wrist for more than a few minutes before it becomes unbearable for the wearer, so a wrist-type blood pressure monitor cannot be called a smart blood pressure watch.

Types of smart blood pressure watches

Smart blood pressure watches can be divided into the following categories in terms of principle.

1. Photoelectric method (PPG)

The bracelet emits a kind of photoelectric signal to the skin, and the pulse wave at the wrist area is collected by the sensor, and then the blood pressure value is estimated by a specific calculation formula. When used, the bracelet is simply worn on the wrist to directly measure blood pressure.

2, photoelectric + ECG method (PPG + ECG)

Is based on the photoelectric signal, and adds a few pieces of metal, used to collect the ECG signal, integrated two signals, to estimate the blood pressure value. When using it, you need to use your finger to press the metal button on the surface to measure properly.

3、Oscillometric method

There is a micro airbag on the back of the bracelet, through the process of inflation, pressurization, and then deflation, automatic measurement of blood pressure, which is the same principle as the electronic sphygmomanometer, except that it is used on the wrist, rather than the arm.

Smart blood pressure watch advantages and disadvantages

1. Photoelectric method (PPG)

The pulse waveform at the wrist area is captured by a photoelectric sensor, and the analysis of characteristic parameters such as the rising slope of the pulse wave and the duration of the wave can lead to a specific calculation formula to estimate the blood pressure value. For example, the slope of the rising waveform of the ejection phase increases when the blood pressure is high.

Advantages.

1. Simple acquisition method, only need photoelectric sensor and algorithm, good user experience.

2. Can continuously monitor blood pressure.

Disadvantages: 

Accuracy to be verified, there is no monitoring device and algorithm recognized by the medical community that can meet medical standards.

2. Photoelectric + ECG method (PPG + ECG)

The time difference between the ppg and ECG waveforms is analyzed by combining the pulse wave ppg and ECG signals collected at the wrist area by photoelectric sensors.

This time difference is called PTT and represents the time difference between the blood flow to the test site (e.g. wrist) from the start of the heartbeat.

because the ECG signal propagation acquisition principle is the speed of light, the propagation time can be neglected as 0, while the blood flow to the wrist takes a certain amount of time.

This PTT is mainly influenced by the blood flow velocity, which is mainly influenced by the blood pressure.

The invention of this technology is based on the premise that blood is an ideal fluid, and the corresponding blood pressure reference values are derived by processing the optical signals of different individuals.

So the stability of the light source, the individual variability (fatness and thinness degree and vascular distribution differences), and the advanced signal processing technology all affect the accuracy and stability of the blood pressure measurement.

Advantages.

Accuracy is higher than simply analyzing the ppg waveform, but no mass-produced product has yet passed US FDA certification.

Disadvantages.

1. Manufacturing costs and user costs are higher than single photoelectric blood pressure measurement.

2. The acquisition method is relatively complex, which requires a photoelectric sensor and ECG module, and the user needs to monitor both ppg and ECG signals when measuring. Usually, the ECG watch is tested by a single lead duplex to test the difference of heart voltage of both hands, which requires one hand to press on the watch that is worn on the other hand.

3. Oscillometric method watch-type blood pressure monitor

Indirect measurement of blood pressure is divided into Auscultatorymethod and Oscillometricmethod. The Oscillometric method is used in electronic sphygmomanometers.

The process of measuring blood pressure by the oscillometric method is the same as that of the Koch sound method. The cuff is pressurized to block the flow in the brachial artery and then slowly decompressed, during which sounds and small pulses of pressure are emitted from the arm.

The Koch method relies on manual recognition of the sound coming from the arm and interpretation of systolic and diastolic pressures.

The oscillometric method, on the other hand, relies on an instrument that recognizes the small pulses coming from the arm to the cuff and differentiates them to derive a blood pressure value.

Advantages.

The accuracy is relatively high.

Disadvantages.

1. high cost.

2. The product is larger and uncomfortable as it affects the user's life when inflated and pressurized.

We see that the history of blood pressure measurement has gone through 3 stages.

The first stage is the so-called invasive stage, that is to say, the need to cut open the blood vessels of the measurement program, of course, this program is certainly not accepted by the general public, but the current use of implantable sensors to measure is still an invasive program. 

The second stage is to enter the non-invasive measurement, using mercury sphygmomanometer measurement, which is what we specify today by the standard.

The third stage of automation, the electronic sphygmomanometer we commonly use at home, is gradually becoming less ready from the direction of development, but gradually increasing in portability, thus reflecting the need to lower the threshold of blood pressure management itself. 

Artificial use of optical measurement of the program can further make blood pressure measurement of the user cost reduction, even the ordinary people can pay attention to their blood pressure at any time.This technology, the smart blood pressure watch, is not a substitute for a medical blood pressure monitor. It is also not used for medical purposes, but daily health management. Reducing the cost for everyone to know their body status is what it is all about.

What aerobic exercise is suitable for patients with high blood pressure？

Hypertension patients are best suited to do some easy and effective aerobic exercise, without a lot of physical exertion, like walking, jogging, swimming, cycling, etc., are good exercise options.

Exercise can lower blood pressure at rest, and the antihypertensive effect of a 10-minute or more low- to medium-intensity exercise can be maintained for 10 hours-22 hours, and long-term adherence to regular exercise can enhance the antihypertensive effect brought about by exercise.

Patients with hypertension can do warm-up exercises such as turning the neck, bending the waist, bending the knees, etc., 5 minutes before exercise to move the joints, and then do some flexibility movements to stretch the body and make the heart rate quickly adapt to the next activity. General preparation activities from 5 minutes to 10 minutes are appropriate.

Walking, arguably the best form of exercise for people with high blood pressure is also the easiest way to achieve exercise。

We advocate walking every day, insist on walking, long-term walking, each walking time of at least 30 minutes; however, we should pay attention to gradual progress, not to force and make themselves feel very tired; do not just go out to walk after eating, which is not conducive to digestion; to choose the right shoes, pants, clothing, and socks; to choose the right weather; the walking process should pay attention to walking posture, slope, adjust breathing, pay attention to the weather and warmth, the intensity of exercise should be coordinated with one's blood pressure and heart rate.

The jogging process will trigger an accelerated heart rate and enhanced myocardial contraction, resulting in an abnormal rise in blood pressure. 

Running at a slower speed, the rise in blood pressure is limited and will not rise to a dangerous level. But in the process of exercise will reduce the tension of peripheral blood vessels, blood vessels are thus dilated, and running can improve the body's pleasant degree, reduce the excitement of the cerebral cortex, which is conducive to the regulation of neural and vascular functions, so it can achieve the effect of lowering blood pressure.

And research also confirms that exercise can lower the blood pressure at a quiet time, which can make the systolic pressure drop about 10-15 mmHg and the diastolic pressure drop about 4-9 mmHg. Therefore, running, like other exercises, has a significant blood pressure-lowering effect and is an important non-pharmacological adjunct to the treatment of hypertension.

It should be noted that not all hypertensive patients can run to lower blood pressure.

Patients with grade 1 hypertension, i.e. blood pressure around 130/90, or hypertensive patients who do not exceed the limit of 159/99, and who have no risk of cardiovascular disease in other areas of the body, and no target organ damage caused by hypertension, then running can be considered as an adjunct to lowering blood pressure.

Running to lower blood pressure should pay special attention to the fact that patients should run moderately and reasonably scientifically.

The first thing you need to do is to take a look at the actual results. The heart rate should be tested during running, the heart rate can be controlled at about 50% of the reserve heart rate, calculated as (maximum heart rate - quiet heart rate) x 50% + quiet heart rate, or you can use the simpler 170 - age for approximate calculation. In addition, hypertensive patients should pay special attention to the time of running, as hypertensive patients' blood pressure is often at a relatively high level in the early morning, and early morning is also a high incidence of cardiovascular events. Therefore, it is more suitable for people with hypertension to choose afternoon or evening to exercise.

Patients with hypertension can choose a suitable exercise method that they can stick to according to their preferences and choose the appropriate exercise intensity. For obese people, you can appropriately increase the amount of exercise; not at 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. exercise, this time of the heart and blood vessel burden is the largest, after a night of rest metabolism, excretion, concentrated body fluids, the most vicious blood, sympathetic nerves are the most excited, the most vasoconstrictor substances, vascular assistance is the largest, hypertension, cardiovascular disease patients are prone to sudden death. At the same time, also pay attention to the surrounding environment, in summer to avoid the noon sunny time, winter to pay attention to keep warm to prevent a stroke.

What is the difference between hypertension and hypotension?

Blood pressure disorder has long been a common one in the category of diseases nowadays. The number of people with hypertension is getting younger and younger, and the total number is slowly increasing. And although hypotension is not as harmful as hypertension, it also creates confusion for some groups. And hypotension often occurs in women who are tender.

Hypertension may be asymptomatic or asymptomatic in its early stages, and may only increase after exertion, nervousness, or mood swings, and return to normal after rest. As the disease lengthens, the blood pressure continues to rise significantly, and various symptoms gradually appear, which is called bradykinetic hypertension.

The common clinical symptoms of bradykinetic hypertension include headache, dizziness, lack of concentration, memory loss, numbness in the limbs, increased nocturia, palpitations, chest tightness, and weakness. Insufficient blood supply to the brain due to prolonged hypertension is also a cause of dizziness.

The main symptoms of hypertension are dizziness, head swelling, headache, head fever, tinnitus, forgetfulness, memory loss, insomnia and dreaminess, neck pain, neck and back stiffness, panic, shortness of breath, chest tightness, chest and abdomen fullness, heavy legs, weakness of lower limbs walking, numbness of hands and feet, weakness of waist and knees, coldness of both feet, heat in the heart of hands and feet, excessive nocturnal urination, pain all over the body, red face and eyes, dryness of both eyes, eye blur, blurred vision, constipation, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, irritability, etc.

There are different types of hypotension, acute and chronic.

Acute hypotension means that the blood pressure suddenly decreases from all normal or high levels, and is more significant, and most of these conditions are due to ischemia of the brain, heart, kidneys and other human organs, appearing dizziness and black eyes, limbs soft and sweaty, palpitations and urine and other conditions, more serious will be shock.

Chronic hypotension means that the blood pressure is significantly lower than the normal category, and is a persistent condition. It is prevalent in women and the elderly, with mild cases of mian without all illnesses, and more severe cases of physical fatigue, dizziness, etc. It is more significant in summer when the average temperature is higher. A part of patients with hypotension patients dizziness when standing up, which is called postural hypotension.

The symptoms of hypotension may include: dizziness, headache, loss of appetite, fatigue, pallor, indigestion, seasickness, etc. Serious symptoms include: upright vertigo, cold extremities, palpitations, dyspnea, ataxia, slurred pronunciation, even fainting, and prolonged bed rest. These symptoms are mainly due to the drop in blood pressure, resulting in slow blood circulation and distal capillary ischemia, which affects the supply of oxygen and nutrients to tissue cells and the excretion of carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes. In particular, the blood supply to the brain and heart is affected.

Such a prolonged period of time makes the body function greatly reduced, and the main hazards include: vision, hearing loss, induced or aggravated senile dementia, dizziness, fainting, falls, and fracture incidence greatly increased. Weakness, mental fatigue, depression and melancholy always occur, which affects the quality of life of patients.

25 Healthy Tips for You

With the continuous development of society, healthy life has long been more than a hypothetical one. The pursuit of health is also the right and hope of everyone. There is a saying that it is better to earn more money than to have a good body. Then how to live a healthy life? It is not difficult, as long as you do the smallest details and pays attention to those hidden points, so that you can have health. Here are some suggestions from top physicians for your health.

The first point, relax and laugh can reduce both the social and work stress around everyone, but also lower blood pressure and promote the effectiveness of the body's internal coordination, so keep smiling is a prerequisite for everyone to have a good body.

The second point, breakfast must be eaten. Not only is not eating breakfast ineffective for weight loss, and can cause rebound, a moderate breakfast can also reduce the body's absorption of excess sugar.

The third point, to ensure adequate sleep everday, sufficient sleep not only provides everyone with a day of energy but also prolongs life expectancy and improves memory.

The fourth point, prohibit staying up late, staying up late is an act that hurts the body. The human body enters a rest period after midnight zero, so staying up late is an overdraft of the body.

The fifth point, too much pampering of the spine is a disguised injury, more rest is not conducive to the health of the spine, more exercise to relieve pain and protect the spine.

The sixth point, eat fruits and vegetables, to pick up the bright colors to eat. The bright color indicates that the nutrients contained in itself are rich, eat more conducive to the absorption of the body.

The seventh point, the cleaning of bacteria in the mouth, through a combination of brushing and flossing. Brushing can only maintain the cleanliness of the mouth, flossing is the key to a clean mouth.

The eighth point, in a place where the air conditions are good, does deep breathing. Good air conditions meet the needs of all parts of the body, and breathing deeply is an indispensable way to maintain health.

The ninth point ,put yoga class into their activity schedule, yoga is also an important way to prevent cardiovascular disease, body ligament strain.

The tenth point is to overcome isolation so that everyone has a young heart. A heart full of things will make everyone age faster, and there is a possibility that people will not be able to top the heavy pressure and produce the idea of questioning themselves.

The eleventh point, try to  fewer intakes of high-calorie food. High-calorie food is the culprit of obesity, want to have a healthy body, a reasonable weight is important.

The twelfth point, be a mindful person, whether sick or not, everyone should have a thorough understanding of their own body, to be able to deal with unexpected situations with ease.

The thirteenth point, male friends should be turned away from the beer belly, beer belly not only has increased the risk of disease, but also can weaken the testosterone secretion of male friends, so that male friends gradually lose sexual function.

The fourteenth point, green tea is an important substance to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer.

The fifteenth point, occasionally a few sound sports is also the key to have a good body. Such exercise not only has the effect of reducing stress and weight loss but also provides the basis for you to have a good body.

The sixteenth point, look at sex as a kind of enjoyment, proper sex will make your whole person look younger.

The seventeenth point, learn to put their money in the bank, money is an important reason to bother everyone's life, put money in the bank to help you have a good state of mind, it is also helpful to your health.

The eighteen points , clear about the standard health coefficient of each part of the body. Know these dogs, go to the hospital for regular checkups, and if there are changes, make timely adjustments to keep your body healthy.

The nineteenth point, strength training is also essential, strength training can exercise everyone's muscles can also accelerate the burning of calories in the body.

The twentieth point, nuts are also an important food to supplement the body's nutrition, eat more nuts is also beneficial to the body.

The twenty-first point, regular examination of their genitals, for male friends, the probability of genital disease is particularly high, if found in time, there is the possibility of medical treatment.

The twenty-second point, dancing is also a way to maintain a healthy body, appropriate dancing also has the effect of weight loss, but also exercise everyone's reaction ability, is a simple but practical healthy lifestyle.

The twenty-third point, for some purpose also to adhere to exercise, according to scientific statistics, a long period of exercise can enhance the quality of male friends' sex life.

Point twenty-four, do not only a skill but also a way to keep healthy, cooking according to their tastes, help to have a good diet condition, so that everyone keeps a good body.

The twenty-fifth point, get out of the house, more sunshine, more fresh air. These are all ways to maintain health anytime and anywhere.

These are the common ways to maintain health in everyone's life, learn these, closer to a healthy body, all of us have what reason not to master it? For your own body, it's time to put in the effort.

 

What is white coat hypertension?

Whitecoat hypertension is a condition in which some patients have elevated blood pressure when their blood pressure is measured in a doctor's office, but their blood pressure is normal when they self-test at home or do two or four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring with a device carried by the patient themselves and no medical personnel present.

This may be due to the increased heart rate of the patient after seeing a doctor in a white coat, as well as the presence of excessive catecholamines in the blood, which also causes peripheral vasoconstriction and increased resistance, resulting in the so-called white coat effect, thus causing an increase in blood pressure.

With the progress of research on the diagnosis and prevention of hypertension, white coat hypertension is receiving more and more attention, and epidemiological surveys have found that white coat hypertension accounts for 9% to 16% of patients with hypertension.

At present, the mechanism of the disease is not too clear, and most people believe that it is related to mental stress, which may be related to the stress response and or alertness response generated by the patient.

It has been found that this white coat hypertension may be an intermediate state between normal blood pressure and persistent hypertension, and the incidence is higher in young women and non-smoking people, so this white coat hypertension should be strengthened with follow-up observation.

Whitecoat hypertension is when blood pressure is measured in the hospital due to mental tension, anxiety, and sympathetic excitement, resulting in elevated blood pressure, while blood pressure is normal when measured at home because it is very relaxed. 

The following methods can defeat white coat hypertension.

1. You should communicate with your doctor before taking your blood pressure.

2. Do your psychological adjustment, do deep breathing, rest for 20 minutes, and then test your blood pressure.

3. Eat some calming and calming food beforehand, such as bananas, milk, sour dates, etc. If necessary, take some sedatives, such as Valium, etc.

4. Severe cases can see a psychiatrist for psychological guidance.

5. Further do ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to clarify whether there is hypertension or not.

Although white coat hypertension is not high blood pressure, some studies have confirmed that people with white coat hypertension are more likely to suffer from hypertension after years than normal people, so we should pay attention to white coat hypertension. Adjust your emotions in time and actively improve your lifestyle to avoid developing true hypertension.

Why is high blood pressure linked to gut flora?

The pathogenesis of primary hypertension is still unclear and is a major key problem plaguing the medical community, but diet, life, environment, and bad mood can cause hypertension are known factors, so what mechanism do these factors use to cause hypertension? One study found that intestinal flora may be associated with these factors causing high blood pressure.

The metabolite SCFA can lower blood pressure. 

SCFA is a class of metabolites that are produced from undigested carbohydrates in the intestine after intestinal bio metabolism, including acetate, butyrate, and propionate. These substances can be involved in blood pressure regulation, diastole blood vessels, reduce inflammation, and suppress immune responses.

Gut microbes can also influence hypertension through inflammatory and immune responses

The dietary intake of red meat, which is digested and metabolized in the body to produce TMAO, has been the subject of much attention for its ability to cause atherosclerosis. They have also been found to be correlated with hypertension. Ferments of Lactobacillus can protect vascular endothelial cells and inhibit hypertension-related inflammation and oxidative stress by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. The process of systemic immune and inflammatory response can be induced by the release of endotoxins after the self-decomposition of intestinal flora, which can aggravate the progression of hypertension-associated chronic kidney disease.

The number of bifidobacteria in the intestinal flora of hypertensive patients is significantly reduced and inflammatory cells in serum and tissues are significantly increased, while bifidobacteria are probiotics that are involved in the maturation and regulation of the body's immune system, which is why imbalance of intestinal flora can cause hypertension.

Intestinal flora can indeed affect blood pressure values, but some flora can significantly lower blood pressure, which is beneficial to human health; some flora will instead raise blood pressure, which is not beneficial to human health.

how to play the role of antihypertensive flora and avoid the role of antihypertensive flora? Mainly from two aspects.

Eat a light diet, avoid high salt diet.

High salt diet will lead to high blood pressure this is the old knowledge, in the past, we think high salt diet causes high blood pressure because of high osmotic pressure brought about by high salt diet, the blood vessel wall has a relatively strong destructive force. And now there are new findings on high salt diet causing high blood pressure, high salt diet will affect the number and type of lactobacillus in the intestine, but also through the immune response, affecting blood pressure. In addition to avoiding a high salt diet, a light diet should also avoid large fish and meat, especially red meat, and a vegetarian diet with more dietary fiber, which has a positive effect on lowering blood pressure.

In addition, prebiotics such as plant polyphenols, inulin, and or oligosaccharides can promote the growth of bifidobacteria and promote the recovery of butyrate production substances, thus lowering the blood pressure of the organism. 

A more typical plant polyphenol-rich substance is tea, which is rich in tea polyphenols. Therefore, appropriate tea consumption by hypertensive patients can regulate blood pressure by affecting probiotics, in addition to relieving fatigue and regulating mood.

 

How to stay away from hypertension complications?

If hypertension is not well controlled, its complications have a high rate of disability. Complications result in 75% of patients losing their ability to work to varying degrees, which places a great burden on society and families. In addition, the death rate of hypertension complications is also high, because hypertension can damage the heart, brain, and kidney three organs, leading to cardiovascular disease and even death.

Prevention of hypertension complications can reverse hypertension on target organs such as the heart, brain, and kidney, thus reducing the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and kidney diseases.

Keep away from hypertension complications

1. Insist on taking long-term antihypertensive drugs. 

Some hypertensive patients with mild symptoms think that their condition is not serious and do not want to take medication, blood pressure is often at a high level, and over time, it is easy to cause complications. Some patients do not take medication according to medical advice, but by self-perception abuse of drugs, sometimes taking medication "three days to fish, two days to sunbathe", and sometimes overdose, this practice will often cause blood pressure is high and low, it is easy to an accident.

2. Regular blood pressure measurement, timely detection, and diagnosis of hypertension. 

Some information shows that more than half of the hypertensive patients  are undetected, and these people who have the disease and do not know it are prone to complications.

3. reasonable diet, eat less and move more. 

Patients with hypertension should pay attention to a light diet, a reasonable food mix, and eat less high-calorie food. Exercise regularly to keep the body active and delay the emergence of various complications.

4. Combine work and rest, get enough sleep, lead a regular life, quit smoking, and do not drink liquor.

Regular life can lower blood pressure and help it stabilize, while overwork, chronic lack of sleep, heavy smoking and alcohol abuse can easily cause blood pressure to increase or make it fluctuate drastically, and make it prone to complications.

5. Strengthen personality training, maintain emotional stability. 

Research shows that the mental state has a great impact on blood pressure. Bad mood, mental depression, especially frequent thunder, and lightning, can cause violent fluctuations or further increase in blood pressure, and easily induce cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, patients with hypertension should be broad-minded, not angry when things go wrong, and often keep a calm and peaceful mind.

6. Daily diet should be supplemented with more potassium, magnesium, calcium, peptide.

Daily food soybean, soybean is rich in protein, this we all know the common sense knowledge! But do you know that soybeans are rich in potassium? Every 100 grams of soybeans is rich in 1503 mg of potassium, potassium can effectively promote the body's salt and sodium discharge! Thus effectively lowering blood pressure, daily potassium supplement food are potatoes, rape, mushrooms, soybeans! 

Which herbs and teas can lower blood pressure

Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is outside the normal range. Normal systolic blood pressure in a healthy person ranges from 120-139 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure is about 80 mm Hg. Common symptoms of hypertension include headache, shortness of breath, dizziness, chest pain, abnormal heartbeat, and heart attack. Although medications can relieve and treat hypertension problems, they have varying degrees of side effects. Natural remedies, on the other hand, are usually the safest and most reliable way to lower blood pressure.

Turmeric: 

This is one of the most effective remedies for lowering blood pressure. Turmeric powder is a well-known ayurvedic herb that is used in most Indian households to make curry foods. Turmeric contains curcumin which is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent that helps lower blood cholesterol. In addition to this, turmeric can boost metabolism, help soothe blood circulation and strengthen blood vessels.

Ginkgo: 

Ginkgo is a herb often used in Chinese medicine and is known to have a blood pressure-lowering effect. Ginkgo controls blood pressure by expanding the arteries and promoting blood circulation.

Hawthorn Berry: 

Also known as Mayflower. It helps to dilate the arteries and promote blood circulation. Hawthorn berries improve the strength of the heart muscles and therefore can help soothe blood circulation.

Ashwagandha (dancing mushroom):

Ashwagandha is an herbal ingredient that is an important herb capable of lowering blood pressure, it balances blood pressure levels by regulating systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Ginger: 

Ginger root is a popular digestive spice food in Asian countries and has many health benefits. Asians (especially in India) have a habit of adding ginger to their teas and dishes. In addition to promoting digestion, ginger helps blood circulation and relaxes blood vessel muscles.

Olive Leaf: 

Olive oil is known to be beneficial for immune system health. Olive leaves, on the other hand, have excellent medicinal properties. Many scientific studies have proven that olive leaves are also effective in lowering blood pressure.

In most cases, high blood pressure is associated with sedentary lifestyle habits. Regular exercise and a proper diet are important to maintain healthy blood pressure. Never wait until your blood pressure rises to solve the problem. Prevention should always be the main focus. Adopting a healthy lifestyle can be effective in reducing the risk of hypertension.

1、Chrysanthemum tea

Prepare an appropriate amount of chamomile or white chrysanthemum, each time use three grams, directly in a cup of tea to drink, take three times a day. You can also wash the right amount of chrysanthemum, licorice, and honeysuckle in a pot and decoct it to drink as a substitute for tea, which has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying as well as calming the liver and clearing the eyes, and can assist in the treatment of arteriosclerosis and hypertension.

2、Hawthorn tea

 Hawthorn has the effect of dilating blood vessels and lowering blood pressure and blood sugar and helps digestion of food.

3, lotus leaf tea

 Lotus leaf has the effect of detoxification, lowering blood pressure and dilation of blood vessels, and can also help break down fat, wash and chop the fresh lotus leaf, put it in a cup, and add water to it for 10 minutes and then you can use it.

4, Pueraria Mirifica tea

 Kudzu can improve blood circulation in the brain, can relieve dizziness and tinnitus caused by high blood pressure, waist and knee weakness, and headaches, as long as often drink kudzu tea can assist in the treatment of hypertension, wash and cut kudzu into slices, take out 30 grams directly in the water boil

5, lotus seed tea

 Although the lotus seed heart is very bitter, but has the effect of lowering blood pressure and fat, put 12 grams of lotus seed heart in a cup, use boiling water to brew tea drink, with the daily morning and evening once, not only to lower blood pressure but also has the effect of clearing heat, strengthen the heart and calm the mind

Can play a role in lowering blood pressure tea: mulberry tea, bitter melon tea, buckwheat tea, cassia seed tea, rooibos tea, lotus leaf tea, long-term adherence to the consumption of these teas, all have a certain degree of auxiliary antihypertensive effect. However, drinking these teas for the regulation of blood pressure only auxiliary effect, can not replace antihypertensive drugs, blood pressure rose seriously patients should still take antihypertensive drugs for antihypertensive treatment.

How is daily blood pressure monitored?

The picture below shows a homemade line graph of blood pressure monitoring by an elderly patient, who took and recorded his blood pressure and heart rate almost every hour, which is equivalent to doing a homemade version of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (everyone does ambulatory blood pressure at half-hour intervals in the hospital). This surprised me very much. With one line graph, the pattern of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate can be seen at a glance, adjusting medication more efficiently and safely, and accurately. 

Of course, not everyone has to do this. The reference table I have drawn up, taking into account the latest guidelines, expert consensus, and the actual situation of the majority of patients, is as follows.

The table is suitable for the following groups.

Patients with unknown blood pressure, those diagnosed with hypertension but with unstable blood pressure, and those already diagnosed with hypertension and receiving long-term treatment.

How is it measured?

• 1. Take your blood pressure at least five times a day, divided into morning, morning, midday, afternoon, and bedtime.

• 2. record the time and date of measurement, preferably with a note if there are special circumstances.

• 3. it is recommended that blood pressure is measured at a set time each day.

• 4. if time and circumstances permit, measure both sides of the blood pressure, whichever is higher.

• 5. If the difference between the two sides is greater than 20 mmHg, prompt medical attention is needed to alert for diseases such as subclavian artery stenosis and occlusion.

How many days to measure?

It is usually recommended that if there is no significant discomfort, it is best to measure for 7 consecutive days before consultation for patients with initial or suboptimal blood pressure, and then for at least 7 consecutive days after adjustment of medication for home blood pressure, and then twice daily if the blood pressure is stable.

Some specific issues of concern to patients with high blood pressure

1 My blood pressure is 160/90. Do I have high blood pressure?

Blood pressure 160/90 is a relatively serious hypertensive disease when your high pressure reaches 140mmHg level or more or low pressure reaches 90mmHg and above is a hypertensive disease, high pressure in reaching 140mmHg, but not reach 160mmHg, low pressure reaches 90mmHg, but not reach 100mmHg, belong to hypertension grade 1. High pressure reaching 160mmHg and not reaching 180mmHg, or low pressure reaching 100mmHg and not reaching 110mmHg, belongs to hypertension grade 2. High pressure of 180mmHg and above, or low pressure of 110mmHg and above, is classified as hypertension grade 3.

At present, your blood pressure has reached hypertension grade 2, and damage to target organs such as the heart, brain, kidney, and eye may occur at any time, so your blood pressure already belongs to the more serious hypertensive disease, and you should actively control your blood pressure to reduce the chance of its complications.

2 My blood pressure is 158 / 79, is it normal?

The blood pressure reference value for normal people, systolic blood pressure 90-139mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure 60-89mmHg is normal, but the diagnosis of hypertension cannot be concluded based on one blood pressure alone. It is necessary to monitor the blood pressure several times for many consecutive days which are higher than the normal reference value and to exclude the influence of emotional tension, psychological factors, activities, and other factors on blood pressure before hypertension can be considered. If there is no family history of hypertension, it is unlikely to consider hypertension. It is recommended that you master the correct method of blood pressure measurement and take blood pressure measurement after sufficient rest before taking blood pressure measurement, preferably the blood pressure measured in the morning when there is no activity.

3 Is my blood pressure of 90 / 60 normal or too low?

Blood pressure 90/60 is critical and is not considered low blood pressure. Generally, patients with blood pressure below 90-60 mmHg are hypotensive, so 90-60 mmHg is only the threshold. It is suggested that you can take some medicine to replenish blood and Qi, eat a light and regular diet, and achieve a balanced and reasonable nutrition. It is recommended to observe blood pressure every day, and if there are abnormal symptoms, such as dizziness and palpitations, to consider the treatment.

4 My blood pressure is 110/90, is that normal?

A low blood pressure of 90 is on the line of hypertension, and if the blood pressure is 90 on 2 consecutive measurements on a non-same day, then hypertensive disease can be diagnosed. But it is important to exclude other factors that affect blood pressure, such as poor sleep, and having other diseases that cause changes in blood pressure. Such as poor sleep, high blood lipids, high work stress, mental tension, etc. If there is the latter case, it should be ruled out first. You can go to check the blood lipids, blood sugar, etc. Exercise properly, live a regular life, eat less oil and salt, do not smoke, and eat more vegetables and fruits. At present your blood pressure is just on the line of hypertension, not very high, so you don't need to take medicine first, life adjustment 1-2 months later. But usually, you need to monitor your blood pressure and measure it 1-3 times a day. For example, measure it recently in the morning, at night, and at noon to see if there are times when your blood pressure gets higher.

5 My blood pressure is 150/105, is it normal?

High pressure 150 mmHg, low pressure 105 mmHg belongs to the second level of hypertension, this blood pressure can be restored to normal through good habits or take drugs to correct blood pressure, does not belong to a very serious disease, can be appropriate to relax the pressure, cause blood pressure is relatively more reasons. For example, genetic factors, emotional excitement, poor rest, endocrine disorders, renal artery stenosis, cold, and fever, etc. The first time the blood pressure is found to be high, you can drink some corn husk tea or honeysuckle tea under the guidance of your doctor, and then recheck your blood pressure after a week. Don't think too much, keep your mood relaxed, and seek medical attention if you have any problems.

6 My blood pressure is 124/55, is that low blood pressure?

Usually, when we do a medical checkup to measure blood pressure, we are more concerned about the high and low blood pressure, but not many people may be concerned about the differential blood pressure, in fact, the size of the differential blood pressure also indicates the possibility of our body suffering from a disease. When the pulse pressure difference is detected greater than 60 or less than 20 are abnormal conditions.Your high pressure is normal and your low pressure is slightly low. In addition, the pulse pressure difference is slightly high. Surrounding environment as well as personal emotions have a great influence on blood pressure. So it is recommended to measure blood pressure several times. Also keep an optimistic state of mind every day, pay attention to rest and do not stay up late.

7 My blood pressure is 85/67, is it normal?

Normal blood pressure is 90-140/60-90mmHg, your blood pressure is 85/67 normal low level. It is recommended to measure blood pressure several times, sometimes the value of one measurement may be deviated. If your blood pressure is low and you have dizziness and other uncomfortable symptoms, you need to do blood tests to find out the cause of the low blood pressure and to treat it. You can improve this situation by eating more protein-rich foods and exercising daily to strengthen your body.

8. What happens when my blood pressure exceeds 160/110?

Blood pressure of 160 and 110, systolic blood pressure of 160, and diastolic blood pressure of 110, basically belong to the second level of hypertension. The range standard for grade two hypertension is systolic blood pressure in 160 to 179 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure in 100 to 109 mm Hg, basically belongs to is more serious, or to pay attention to. The diastolic blood pressure is already greater than or equal to 110, which is the diastolic blood pressure standard for grade 3 hypertension. Once hypertension is diagnosed, patients still need to take antihypertensive drugs regularly for a long time to control blood pressure smoothly, only to control blood pressure smoothly can reduce the occurrence of many complications. In addition to medication, adjustments should also be made in diet and life.

5 frequently asked questions about high blood pressure

1.What state is blood pressure when sleeping？

Blood pressure decreases during sleep, and in normal people or people with hypertension, blood pressure values change in an arytenoid pattern. Blood pressure is at a high level during the day, and at night, especially during sleep, it drops and is at a lower level. This is mainly related to the excitability of the human-plant nervous system. At night, the vagus nerve tone increases, the sympathetic excitability decreases, the blood vessels are in a more relaxed state, and the blood pressure drops, which is a normal situation.

Such patients need to pay attention to the reasonable choice of drugs because the blood pressure is lower at night during sleep and higher during the day, the drug with longer effect should be selected. Early morning meditation, just after the effect of the drug to play the daytime high blood pressure down. At night, the blood pressure can still be maintained at a more appropriate level because the medication has been used for a longer period and the effect of the medication gradually diminishes.

Try to reduce the medication in the evening, especially the faster effect of antihypertensive drugs, which will cause the patient's blood pressure to fall further during sleep at night, down to an inappropriate level, and even cause cerebral thrombosis, myocardial infarction, etc.

2.Does blood pressure drop when a person doesn't eat?

Not eating can cause low blood pressure, but it is usually only people who do not eat for a long time that cause low blood pressure. If you don't eat for a long time, your body will lose weight, and if you don't have enough energy for a long time, the pressure in your blood vessels will drop, which is why people who don't eat for a long time have low blood pressure.

Long-term non-eating, the body's energy sources will be insufficient, insufficient energy sources will cause the body a series of activities to reduce, will cause the body's metabolic rate to reduce, will cause the gastrointestinal tract function to reduce, but also affect the normal work of the brain nerve center, because not eating leads to no source of sugar, the body glucose content is reduced, the brain work will be inhibited. If one or two meals are not eaten occasionally, blood pressure will not decrease, mainly because blood pressure is controlled by the central brain.

3.Why hypertension cannot be completely cured？

Hypertension is the most common chronic disease, through clinical medical investigation found that hypertension can not be completely cured, of course, as long as good prevention, good control of their blood pressure, can effectively reduce the method of hypertension, and effectively reduce mortality.

There are many reasons why hypertension cannot be completely cured. First of all, the cause of hypertension is not clear at present. That is to say when the cause is not clear, it is impossible to treat the disease completely, and there are some limitations in the process of treatment. The cause of hypertension is not completely clear, from the medical point of view, often more understand the cause of hypertension, such as mental work, long-term mental stress, improper diet, often drinking, or obesity, and of course, there is a family history of hypertension and so on. These are the causes of high blood pressure, but they are not the primary cause of the disease.

In addition, patients with hypertension are also prone to atherosclerosis, which is one of the most important reasons why hypertension is particularly harmful. High blood pressure can lead to atherosclerosis, and atherosclerosis, in turn, can promote further damage from high blood pressure. Medication for hypertension did not significantly promote the improvement of atherosclerosis. Long-term hypertension will lead to the thinning of blood vessel walls in patients, resulting in a sudden and significant increase in blood pressure, which further aggravates the symptoms of hypertension in patients. And high blood pressure is also easy to cause patients to appear heart failure, cause patients to appear brain artery disease, even cause paralysis and other conditions. Hypertension can only aggravate the disease, but can not be completely cured.

For patients with high blood pressure, of course, don't worry too much about, through the clinical investigation found that patients with high blood pressure at ordinary times as long as to strengthen the prevention and timing of antihypertensive medications regularly, keep good habits of life, they will be able to maintain blood pressure at a healthy level, so to minimize the harm of patients with high blood pressure will be. For patients with hypertension, the cause of this chronic disease has not been completely clear, especially from the gene level has not been completely conquered, in the future, it is expected to be clear on this level of the cause, and then hypertension may be completely cured.

4. Can driving cause high blood pressure?

The pathogenesis of hypertension has many mechanisms, one of which is prolonged driving and sedentary driving. So here to remind the drivers who often drive, pay more attention to their precautions, if hypertension is on the road in driving the consequences are unthinkable.

When driving a person's attention is highly concentrated, especially on the highway, continuous tension will stimulate sympathetic excitation, resulting in a rise in blood pressure, vascular spasm contraction reduced blood flow, and intensify myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. When the road is congested, people's emotions are easily irritable, encounter overtaking, violations, inevitably anger from the heart, a large influx of blood to the heart, blood pressure rose sharply, at this time, I am afraid that the morning to eat antihypertensive drugs can not suppress the rising blood pressure. In addition, after the car, many people completely dependent on the car, and even go out to buy a bag of salt are to drive and walk every day even more than 500 steps. In the long run, the legs enter a "wasted" state, prone to leg aging, more serious is the lower extremity blood flow back to the heart lack of power, the heart needs to spend more effort to complete the lower extremity blood circulation. Driving is because always keep a posture, blood flow is slow especially easy to long thrombosis. If thrombosis occurs in the veins of the lower extremities, once the thrombus is dislodged, it may cause a fatal pulmonary embolism.

What should hypertensive patients pay attention to driving? 

• First, drive long distances, try to shorten the continuous driving time, rest at least 10-15 minutes every two or three hours, and have timely hydration.

• Second, in poor road conditions, road congestion to avoid fire, you can sing and listen to soothing music. Singing loudly can enhance gas exchange and provide more oxygen to the heart and lungs. In places with severe traffic jams and poor air circulation, open the windows less often, as the harmful gases emitted from a large amount of exhaust may stimulate the blood vessels, causing vascular spasms and inducing heart disease. 

In addition, control the number of times you drive, it is best to drive no more than 3 days a week. If you experience dizziness and chest tightness while driving, stop the car in a safe are

5.What is the maximum blood pressure that can be reached?

There is no maximum value for hypertension. 

Everyone's blood pressure level is different and each level of hypertension manifests itself differently. Normal blood pressure is 90-140mmHg for high pressure and 60-90mmHg for low pressure. High pressure and low pressure can be diagnosed as hypertension as long as they are above this level. It is common to have a predominantly elevated high pressure, which can be over 200mmHg, or a predominantly elevated low pressure, which can be over 110mmHg.

Each person's ability to tolerate hypertension is also different. 

Some patients with a blood pressure of 140-150 mmHg feel very strong headaches and headaches, while some patients with a blood pressure of 180-200 mmHg do not feel it. The blood pressure of hypertension is only the performance and measurement value, and its sensation and clinical manifestations are also different.

Patients with a systolic blood pressure of 200 mmHg are more dangerous. 

Whether the blood pressure rises gradually or suddenly to 200 mmHg, are more dangerous conditions. Once the systolic blood pressure is greater than 180 mmHg, it can indicate that the patient has entered a dangerous state. According to the clinical manifestations, hypertension can be divided into hypertensive emergencies or hypertensive non-emergencies, hypertensive sub-emergencies. When the systolic blood pressure of hypertensive emergencies is usually greater than 180 mmHg, the patient may experience damage to the heart, brain, kidney, and other parenchymal organs, and may suffer from impaired consciousness, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, acute heart failure, angina pectoris, and other conditions. Acute oliguria or a sharp decline in kidney function may also occur, and patients need emergency antihypertensive treatment under supervision. In addition, if the blood pressure suddenly rises above 200 mmHg without discomfort, which may not cause heart, brain, or kidney organ damage temporarily, the blood pressure should also be actively lowered and the antihypertensive drugs should be adjusted.

How to Choose the Right Blood Pressure Medicine?

1. Which blood pressure medicine are most suitable for you?

For patients with hypertension, the most difficult thing is to find the right blood pressure medicine for them. Especially for some people who just found themselves suffering from hypertension, the doctor prescribed antihypertensive drugs to eat for a while, found that the effect of lowering blood pressure is not obvious, it is a little anxious, want to try a new antihypertensive drug, but there are a variety of antihypertensive drugs on the market, and do not know how to choose. In response to this problem, today I talk to you about the advantages and disadvantages of various antihypertensive drugs.

2. A classification of antihypertensive drugs

First of all, I would like to tell you that when patients buy drugs, many of them say the trade name, such as dihydro cotrimoxazole, captopril tablets, and so on. But doctors generally classify antihypertensive drugs according to the chemical name of the drug, for example, metoprolol and bisoprolol belong to the beta-blocker class of drugs. The classification of drugs I am talking about today is also based on their chemical names. Regardless of the number of trade names of antihypertensive drugs, they can be divided into five main categories based on their chemical composition.

1. Diuretics
2. Beta-blockers
3. Calcium channel blockers
4. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
5. Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Does it feel difficult to remember? Don't worry, I'll introduce them to you one by one,then can help you choose the right blood pressure medicine.

1. Diuretics

The so-called diuretics are drugs that accelerate urination to achieve the effect of lowering blood pressure. Commonly used are double gram (hydrochlorothiazide), rapid diuretic tablets (furosemide), spironolactone, and indapamide.

Efficacy characteristics: 

• These antihypertensive drugs have a smooth and slow onset of action, but the duration of the effect is also longer, mainly for mild hypertension and moderate hypertension, for salt-sensitive hypertension, combined with obesity or diabetes, menopausal women ,and elderly hypertension effect is better.

Adverse effects:

• The main adverse effect of diuretics is that they can cause hypokalemia and affect the metabolism of blood lipids, blood sugar, and blood uric acid, and may cause an increase in uric acid, so they should be used with caution if patients have gout.

In addition, when taking these antihypertensive drugs, patients may experience increased urine output and weakness. Potassium-protective diuretics such as spironolactone can cause hyperkalemia and should not be used in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), and should be used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency. 

2. β-blockers

Most of these antihypertensive drugs have "Lol" in their trade names. For example  metoprolol, bisoprolol, etc.

Efficacy characteristics: 

• these antihypertensive drugs have a rapid onset and strong effect, and the duration of the effect varies depending on the product. It is suitable for various severity of hypertension, especially for middle-aged and young patients with fast heart rates, or patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure.

Adverse effects:

• Adverse reactions mainly include slowed heart rate, weakness, and chills in the extremities.

Beta-blockers inhibit myocardial contractility, atrioventricular conduction, and sinus rhythm, and can increase airway resistance, so they are contraindicated in patients with acute heart failure, bronchial asthma, sick sinus node syndrome, high atrioventricular block and peripheral vascular disease.

3. calcium channel blockers

Most of these antihypertensive drugs have the word "diphenhydramine" in their trade names. For example: nifedipine, felodipine, amlodipine, etc.

Efficacy characteristics: 

• These drugs have few contraindications except for heart failure and have a wide range of applications. There is no significant effect on the metabolism of blood lipids and blood sugar, and the ability to control blood pressure in the long term and compliance with medication is better.

Advantages : 

• Better antihypertensive effect for elderly patients; high sodium intake does not affect the antihypertensive efficacy; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs do not interfere with the antihypertensive effect; significant antihypertensive effect in patients with alcoholism; can be used in patients with combined diabetes, coronary artery disease, or peripheral vascular disease; also has an anti-atherosclerotic effect during long-term treatment.

Adverse effects:

• The main drawback is that it may cause increased heart rate, facial flushing, headache, and edema of the lower limbs. Some of these antihypertensive drugs should not be used in patients with heart failure, sinus node hypofunction, or heart block.

4. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)

Most of these antihypertensive drugs have the trade name "Pulley" in them. Commonly used are captopril, enalapril, benazepril, lenopril, cilazepril, perindopril, ramipril, and fosinopril.

Efficacy characteristics: 

• These drugs have the effect of improving insulin resistance and reducing urinary protein, and have relatively good efficacy in hypertensive patients with obesity, diabetes and impaired cardiac, and renal target organs, especially for hypertensive patients with heart failure, post-myocardial infarction, impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetic nephropathy.

Adverse effects:

• Mainly irritating dry cough and angioedema contraindicated in patients with hyperkalemia, pregnant women, and bilateral renal artery stenosis. Caution is required when using in patients with blood creatinine over 3 mg.

5. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB)

Most of these antihypertensive drugs have the word "sartan" in their trade names. For example: coxsartan, valsartan, irbesartan, irbesartan, temisartan and candesartan.

Efficacy characteristics: 

• These antihypertensive drugs, with increasing doses of antihypertensive effect, few adverse reactions, does not cause irritating dry cough, high compliance with continuous treatment.

Adverse reactions: 

• ARB is the same as ACEI in terms of treatment targets and contraindications and is not only a replacement drug for ACEI adverse reactions, but also has its own efficacy characteristics.

3. 5 suggestions for choose the right blood pressure medicine

1. Choose Blood Pressure Medicine that are not contraindicated

Contraindication refers to the condition that the drug is not suitable for certain diseases, conditions or specific people. For example, "renal artery stenosis" has become a consensus among doctors that "Prilosec" and "Sartan" drugs are contraindicated; "severe sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block The concept that "beta-blockers" and other such heart-rate slowing drugs are prohibited in patients with "severe sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular block" is well known.

2. Select individualized antihypertensive drugs

I'm afraid we all agree that antihypertensive drugs need to be individualized. For example, for hypertensive patients with a fast heart rate, "beta-blockers" are preferred because they slow down the heart rate, thus slowing down the patient's heart rate while treating hypertension. The selection of medication according to the individual patient can also be targeted to improve other conditions while treating hypertension and avoid adverse side effects!

3. Choose the Blood Pressure Medicine with the least adverse reactions

There are many adverse reactions to hypertension medications, and the reactions are not the same in different people, for example, the adverse reaction of coughing occurs when using "Priligy" type of antihypertensive drugs, but some people are obvious, some are not, and most people do not react. For example, some people may experience flushing, panic attacks, headaches and ankle edema with "diphenhydramine" antihypertensive drugs, so such patients need to choose other drugs with less adverse effects instead.

4. Choose the antihypertensive drug with the best compliance

Compliance is very important because hypertension requires long-term medication, and there is no good compliance if you can't take the medication on time and in sufficient quantity, after all, being able to take the antihypertensive medication on time and in sufficient quantity is the basis for treating hypertension. According to the comprehensive situation of the patient to choose long-acting, simple oral, the number of times a day to take less, reasonably priced antihypertensive drugs.

5. Choose Blood Pressure Medicine that can lower blood pressure smoothly

The so-called stable antihypertensive is to make the blood pressure fall gradually and steadily through the rational use of drugs, so that the body gradually adapts and tolerates it, in order to avoid the symptoms of dizziness and lack of blood supply to the brain caused by too rapid a fall in blood pressure, while keeping the blood pressure at a basic constant level for 24 hours, reducing fluctuations and minimizing the occurrence of various complications.

4. When is the best time to take antihypertensive tablets? 

Blood pressure varies with the time of day. In a normal person, blood pressure is highest in the morning at 8 o'clock and then decreases slowly. It then slowly decreases and then peaks again at about 4:00 pm. 

Therefore, for general hypertension patients, it is recommended that the first blood pressure peak occurs in the morning when the antihypertensive medication is used.

Blood Pressure Medicine is usually taken at 8 a.m. However, because the state of the disease is always varied, there are some patients whose blood pressure is higher in the afternoon, and the blood pressure value of the whole day shows a reverse spoon curve. In this case, the blood pressure medicine should be taken at 4 pm.

It is recommended that patients must make some special adjustments to their medication schedule based on their blood pressure monitoring curve throughout the day. If there are no special circumstances, it is generally recommended to take antihypertensive medication early in the morning, and if there are special circumstances, medication should be administered according to the special circumstances.

Many patients forget to take the medication or take the medication habit, they want to know whether it is okay to take the antihypertensive medication at night again in the end?

It is generally not recommended to take Blood Pressure Medicine before going to bed. 

First of all, taking antihypertensive drugs before going to bed is not in line with our normal physiological rules. When the human body sleeps at night, the blood pressure is usually low. If you take antihypertensive drugs at this time, it is more likely to occur hypotensive events. Once the low blood pressure occurs, but because you can't notice that you have low blood pressure during sleep, then it is likely to cause some adverse events.

Secondly, the body position is changed because, during sleep, the body position is different from the position in daily life. This can affect the blood pressure of hypertensive patients. Therefore, taking antihypertensive drugs before going to bed is likely to cause postural hypotension to occur. Also, because when we get up, the patient is also susceptible to hypotension due to the change in position from doing it lying down. Therefore, it is not recommended that hypertensive patients go to take antihypertensive 

Before using antihypertensive drugs, you should first go to the hospital for a comprehensive examination to understand your health condition and then choose the drug treatment reasonably under the guidance of your doctor.

additional resources

• Patients with hypertension must take their medication on time and in the right amount, but also consciously adjust their lifestyle and diet.

• Patients with hypertension should control their diet as well as regulate their lifestyle, which can be combined with some non-pharmaceutical treatments, such as drinking green tea, which can remove the waste from the blood and blood vessel walls and improve cardiovascular function from the root.

• Develop a good diet, low-fat and low-salt diet, do not stay up late, do not sit still, moderate exercise, etc.

• All photoes from pexels

• Wikipedia

3 most frequently asked questions about diastolic blood pressure

1.What caused diastolic blood pressure to suddenly rise? 

The possible reasons for the sudden rise in diastolic blood pressure are that it may be due to stress reflexes, that is, sudden mental stress, poor rest, and increased heart rate.

Diastolic pressure is when the human heart diastolic, arterial blood vessels elastic retraction, the pressure generated is called diastolic pressure, also called low pressure. When the heart is diastolic, the aortic pressure drops, and at the end of cardiac diastole the arterial blood pressure is at its lowest value called diastolic, the normal diastolic pressure in adults is <90Mmhg (12Kpa), some people subjectively feel dizzy, chest discomfort, and measure high diastolic pressure, which is due to increased sympathetic nerve activity and increased peripheral vascular resistance. It is an early stage of hypertension, and simple diastolic hypertension should still not be ignored, because, with the prolongation of the disease, simple diastolic hypertension can be transformed into classical hypertension. It may even progress to pure systolic hypertension.

The mechanisms of diastolic blood pressure are divided into two main categories: 

• first, impaired energy-consuming processes of calcium ion recycling into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and pumping out of the extracellular space when energy supply is inadequate, resulting in active diastolic dysfunction。

• second, impaired compliance and filling of the ventricular muscle. When these two types of abnormalities occur, elevated diastolic blood pressure can occur, mainly in the early stages of cardiac insufficiency in coronary artery disease and hypertensive heart disease. Severe cases are seen in restrictive cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, etc.

2.Why is my diastolic blood pressure low?

Low diastolic blood pressure is associated with many factors, such as a patient's heart valve closure insufficiency or the use of antihypertensive medication, which causes a drop in blood pressure and an increase in pulse pressure difference. Low diastolic blood pressure can easily lead to insufficient perfusion of the heart arteries and can easily cause problems such as dizziness.

Physiologically low diastolic blood pressure is also common in clinical practice and is related to family genetics and the patient's physical condition. 

It has little impact on the patient's health and life expectancy, so you don't need to worry too much about this condition and no special treatment is needed. 

If you are uncomfortable due to physiologically low diastolic blood pressure, you can take various complementary treatments and physical exercises to keep your blood pressure at a normal level. 

If patients often feel dizziness, headache, chest tightness, easy fatigue as well as body swelling and obvious weight gain within a short period, most of these conditions are pathological and should be promptly examined at a hospital to find out the cause for timely treatment.

The blood supply to the heart itself is borne by the coronary arteries, and the blood volume perfused by the coronary arteries needs to rely on the help of diastolic pressure. When the diastolic pressure is lower than 60 mmHg, the blood supply to the heart muscle is reduced by 1/3, which can seriously cause myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, and even myocardial infarction. Excessively low diastolic blood pressure at the same systolic blood pressure level increases the risk of myocardial infarction and increases mortality.

Blood pressure measurement is affected by many factors, such as emotional stress and tension, which can affect the value. Blood pressure is considered hypertensive if it is detected at or above 140 mmHg systolic and/or 90 mmHg diastolic at least three times under quiet and awake conditions using standard measurement methods; a blood pressure below 90/60 mmHg is called hypotension. 

You should pay attention to low diastolic blood pressure, especially in middle-aged and elderly people who have low diastolic blood pressure due to pathological reasons, and should promptly seek medical control and participate in physical exercise appropriately.

3.Does anxiety raise diastolic blood pressure?

Symptoms of anxiety or anxiety disorders can lead to elevated and fluctuating blood pressure, which is a manifestation of the somatization of mental illness. That is, the presence of a state of anxiety leads to a state of sympathetic excitability that is significantly elevated.

In this case, the blood pressure is affected by sympathetic excitability, resulting in vasoconstriction and increased heart rate, leading to a significant increase in blood pressure, and such a state can fluctuate greatly according to emotions, resulting in high and low blood pressure. If the anxiety is relieved by active medication or psychological treatment, the blood pressure can be quickly restored to a normal level.