What is the relationship between heart rate and blood pressure？

Basic human signs cannot be separated from blood pressure, respiration, and pulse.

As to whether there is a relationship between blood pressure and heart rate, I cannot say that there is not, but it is not a direct effect. Our heart rate can be affected by emotions. If we are too emotional, it will lead to a faster heart rate, and blood pressure may rise at this time, but the effect of emotions is only short-lived, and for healthy people, they can recover quickly, probably within a few minutes. However, for people with high blood pressure, it is not advisable to be overly emotional. A moment of rapid heart rate may cause blood pressure fluctuations and bring damage to the relevant organs, and it is best to be concerned to avoid excess damage.

Then hypertensive patients, heart rate to maintain how much will be beneficial to health? 

It depends on the situation. The heart rate range for a normal person is 60-100 beats per minute. In the case of patients with high blood pressure, it depends on heart health. For people without heart problems, a heart rate of 60-65 beats would be more appropriate. For people with heart problems, the heart rate should be kept between 55-60. There is no need to be too nervous, just pay more attention in your daily life and develop good habits that will help to maintain a normal heart rate.

How to maintain a normal heart rate

1. To ensure balanced nutrition in the body, to reduce the phenomenon of anemia. 

If you have anemia, the blood supply will be affected and the oxygen will not be sufficient. If the heart does not have sufficient blood and oxygen supply, the heartbeat will be affected and the heartbeat and breathing rate will become chaotic, which will disturb the person's emotions and bad moods, which will also speed up the heart rate. If you don't want to be anemic, it is recommended to eat a reasonable diet every day to ensure a balanced nutritional intake and to eat less unhealthy food.

2. It is also important to get a good sleep. 

Having a good sleep is good for blood circulation and body metabolism, and it also allows the body organs to get a good rest. If you stay up late for a long time and do not get enough sleep, it will affect the normal operation of the body and stimulate the nerves, which will affect the heart rate. Usually, it is still necessary to develop good sleep habits, and all things that disrupt sleep and food should be avoided in time.

3. An appropriate increase in physical exercise will also be beneficial to stabilize the heart rate. 

But a word of caution, that is, do not have too strenuous exercise, aerobic exercise is very good. Do not make mistakes when doing aerobic exercise, do not think that the more the better, do too much can also cause a rapid heart rate, which is also very bad for regulating blood pressure. Be relevant to your situation and go for exercise. Suitable projects would be walking, jogging.

consequence of a fast or slow heart rate in patients with hypertension

Patients with hypertension whose heart rate is greater than 84 beats per minute have a 1-fold increased risk of developing coronary heart disease compared to patients whose heart rate is less than 65 beats per minute.

Patients with hypertension who have a heart rate greater than 79 beats per minute have an 89% increased risk of death than those with a heart rate less than 79 beats per minute.

This is the truth, and the main reason why many hypertensive patients take antihypertensive drugs for years, but still have coronary heart disease and even sudden unexpected death, so hypertensive patients should not only control their blood pressure but strive to stabilize their heart rate within the target range, which is as important as controlling their blood pressure.

What causes increased heart rate in patients with hypertension

The main cause of increased heart rate in hypertensive patients is the overexcitation of sympathetic nerves, the triggers are mainly excessive salt intake, smoking, obesity, and disorders of blood sugar and fat metabolism, mostly seen in young and middle-aged hypertensive patients, the result will cause an increase in blood pressure, which can be manifested as accelerated breathing, swelling of the lower limbs, headache and dizziness, blurred vision, gum enlargement, and other symptoms. The increase in blood pressure will cause endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, resulting in cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia, and heart failure, which in turn will lead to an increased heart rate. As can be seen, the two are causal and affect each other, and the long-term existence of such a state will inevitably cause damage to the heart, brain, eyes, kidneys, and other important organs, and in serious cases can lead to sudden unexpected death. 

Therefore, patients with hypertension should control their blood pressure at least below 140/90mmHg, and at the same time, monitor their heart rate closely. Patients with hypertension combined with coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular diseases: start treatment immediately when the heart rate is greater than 70 beats per minute in a quiet state, and the treatment target is 55-60 beats per minute.

It should be reminded that the heart rate of hypertensive patients is not the slower the better, but too fast or too slow can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Is a smart blood pressure watch suitable for people with high blood pressure

Smart Blood Pressure Watch Definition

A smart blood pressure watch is a watch that is comparable in size to an ordinary watch and can be worn on the wrist for several hours or even days to monitor human blood pressure at any time. A smart blood pressure watch is a true wearable medical device, completely different from a wrist-type electronic blood pressure monitor, which can be worn on the wrist for more than a few minutes before it becomes unbearable for the wearer, so a wrist-type blood pressure monitor cannot be called a smart blood pressure watch.

Types of smart blood pressure watches

Smart blood pressure watches can be divided into the following categories in terms of principle.

1. Photoelectric method (PPG)

The bracelet emits a kind of photoelectric signal to the skin, and the pulse wave at the wrist area is collected by the sensor, and then the blood pressure value is estimated by a specific calculation formula. When used, the bracelet is simply worn on the wrist to directly measure blood pressure.

2, photoelectric + ECG method (PPG + ECG)

Is based on the photoelectric signal, and adds a few pieces of metal, used to collect the ECG signal, integrated two signals, to estimate the blood pressure value. When using it, you need to use your finger to press the metal button on the surface to measure properly.

3、Oscillometric method

There is a micro airbag on the back of the bracelet, through the process of inflation, pressurization, and then deflation, automatic measurement of blood pressure, which is the same principle as the electronic sphygmomanometer, except that it is used on the wrist, rather than the arm.

Smart blood pressure watch advantages and disadvantages

1. Photoelectric method (PPG)

The pulse waveform at the wrist area is captured by a photoelectric sensor, and the analysis of characteristic parameters such as the rising slope of the pulse wave and the duration of the wave can lead to a specific calculation formula to estimate the blood pressure value. For example, the slope of the rising waveform of the ejection phase increases when the blood pressure is high.

Advantages.

1. Simple acquisition method, only need photoelectric sensor and algorithm, good user experience.

2. Can continuously monitor blood pressure.

Disadvantages: 

Accuracy to be verified, there is no monitoring device and algorithm recognized by the medical community that can meet medical standards.

2. Photoelectric + ECG method (PPG + ECG)

The time difference between the ppg and ECG waveforms is analyzed by combining the pulse wave ppg and ECG signals collected at the wrist area by photoelectric sensors.

This time difference is called PTT and represents the time difference between the blood flow to the test site (e.g. wrist) from the start of the heartbeat.

because the ECG signal propagation acquisition principle is the speed of light, the propagation time can be neglected as 0, while the blood flow to the wrist takes a certain amount of time.

This PTT is mainly influenced by the blood flow velocity, which is mainly influenced by the blood pressure.

The invention of this technology is based on the premise that blood is an ideal fluid, and the corresponding blood pressure reference values are derived by processing the optical signals of different individuals.

So the stability of the light source, the individual variability (fatness and thinness degree and vascular distribution differences), and the advanced signal processing technology all affect the accuracy and stability of the blood pressure measurement.

Advantages.

Accuracy is higher than simply analyzing the ppg waveform, but no mass-produced product has yet passed US FDA certification.

Disadvantages.

1. Manufacturing costs and user costs are higher than single photoelectric blood pressure measurement.

2. The acquisition method is relatively complex, which requires a photoelectric sensor and ECG module, and the user needs to monitor both ppg and ECG signals when measuring. Usually, the ECG watch is tested by a single lead duplex to test the difference of heart voltage of both hands, which requires one hand to press on the watch that is worn on the other hand.

3. Oscillometric method watch-type blood pressure monitor

Indirect measurement of blood pressure is divided into Auscultatorymethod and Oscillometricmethod. The Oscillometric method is used in electronic sphygmomanometers.

The process of measuring blood pressure by the oscillometric method is the same as that of the Koch sound method. The cuff is pressurized to block the flow in the brachial artery and then slowly decompressed, during which sounds and small pulses of pressure are emitted from the arm.

The Koch method relies on manual recognition of the sound coming from the arm and interpretation of systolic and diastolic pressures.

The oscillometric method, on the other hand, relies on an instrument that recognizes the small pulses coming from the arm to the cuff and differentiates them to derive a blood pressure value.

Advantages.

The accuracy is relatively high.

Disadvantages.

1. high cost.

2. The product is larger and uncomfortable as it affects the user's life when inflated and pressurized.

We see that the history of blood pressure measurement has gone through 3 stages.

The first stage is the so-called invasive stage, that is to say, the need to cut open the blood vessels of the measurement program, of course, this program is certainly not accepted by the general public, but the current use of implantable sensors to measure is still an invasive program. 

The second stage is to enter the non-invasive measurement, using mercury sphygmomanometer measurement, which is what we specify today by the standard.

The third stage of automation, the electronic sphygmomanometer we commonly use at home, is gradually becoming less ready from the direction of development, but gradually increasing in portability, thus reflecting the need to lower the threshold of blood pressure management itself. 

Artificial use of optical measurement of the program can further make blood pressure measurement of the user cost reduction, even the ordinary people can pay attention to their blood pressure at any time.This technology, the smart blood pressure watch, is not a substitute for a medical blood pressure monitor. It is also not used for medical purposes, but daily health management. Reducing the cost for everyone to know their body status is what it is all about.

What aerobic exercise is suitable for patients with high blood pressure？

Hypertension patients are best suited to do some easy and effective aerobic exercise, without a lot of physical exertion, like walking, jogging, swimming, cycling, etc., are good exercise options.

Exercise can lower blood pressure at rest, and the antihypertensive effect of a 10-minute or more low- to medium-intensity exercise can be maintained for 10 hours-22 hours, and long-term adherence to regular exercise can enhance the antihypertensive effect brought about by exercise.

Patients with hypertension can do warm-up exercises such as turning the neck, bending the waist, bending the knees, etc., 5 minutes before exercise to move the joints, and then do some flexibility movements to stretch the body and make the heart rate quickly adapt to the next activity. General preparation activities from 5 minutes to 10 minutes are appropriate.

Walking, arguably the best form of exercise for people with high blood pressure is also the easiest way to achieve exercise。

We advocate walking every day, insist on walking, long-term walking, each walking time of at least 30 minutes; however, we should pay attention to gradual progress, not to force and make themselves feel very tired; do not just go out to walk after eating, which is not conducive to digestion; to choose the right shoes, pants, clothing, and socks; to choose the right weather; the walking process should pay attention to walking posture, slope, adjust breathing, pay attention to the weather and warmth, the intensity of exercise should be coordinated with one's blood pressure and heart rate.

The jogging process will trigger an accelerated heart rate and enhanced myocardial contraction, resulting in an abnormal rise in blood pressure. 

Running at a slower speed, the rise in blood pressure is limited and will not rise to a dangerous level. But in the process of exercise will reduce the tension of peripheral blood vessels, blood vessels are thus dilated, and running can improve the body's pleasant degree, reduce the excitement of the cerebral cortex, which is conducive to the regulation of neural and vascular functions, so it can achieve the effect of lowering blood pressure.

And research also confirms that exercise can lower the blood pressure at a quiet time, which can make the systolic pressure drop about 10-15 mmHg and the diastolic pressure drop about 4-9 mmHg. Therefore, running, like other exercises, has a significant blood pressure-lowering effect and is an important non-pharmacological adjunct to the treatment of hypertension.

It should be noted that not all hypertensive patients can run to lower blood pressure.

Patients with grade 1 hypertension, i.e. blood pressure around 130/90, or hypertensive patients who do not exceed the limit of 159/99, and who have no risk of cardiovascular disease in other areas of the body, and no target organ damage caused by hypertension, then running can be considered as an adjunct to lowering blood pressure.

Running to lower blood pressure should pay special attention to the fact that patients should run moderately and reasonably scientifically.

The first thing you need to do is to take a look at the actual results. The heart rate should be tested during running, the heart rate can be controlled at about 50% of the reserve heart rate, calculated as (maximum heart rate - quiet heart rate) x 50% + quiet heart rate, or you can use the simpler 170 - age for approximate calculation. In addition, hypertensive patients should pay special attention to the time of running, as hypertensive patients' blood pressure is often at a relatively high level in the early morning, and early morning is also a high incidence of cardiovascular events. Therefore, it is more suitable for people with hypertension to choose afternoon or evening to exercise.

Patients with hypertension can choose a suitable exercise method that they can stick to according to their preferences and choose the appropriate exercise intensity. For obese people, you can appropriately increase the amount of exercise; not at 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. exercise, this time of the heart and blood vessel burden is the largest, after a night of rest metabolism, excretion, concentrated body fluids, the most vicious blood, sympathetic nerves are the most excited, the most vasoconstrictor substances, vascular assistance is the largest, hypertension, cardiovascular disease patients are prone to sudden death. At the same time, also pay attention to the surrounding environment, in summer to avoid the noon sunny time, winter to pay attention to keep warm to prevent a stroke.

What is the difference between hypertension and hypotension?

Blood pressure disorder has long been a common one in the category of diseases nowadays. The number of people with hypertension is getting younger and younger, and the total number is slowly increasing. And although hypotension is not as harmful as hypertension, it also creates confusion for some groups. And hypotension often occurs in women who are tender.

Hypertension may be asymptomatic or asymptomatic in its early stages, and may only increase after exertion, nervousness, or mood swings, and return to normal after rest. As the disease lengthens, the blood pressure continues to rise significantly, and various symptoms gradually appear, which is called bradykinetic hypertension.

The common clinical symptoms of bradykinetic hypertension include headache, dizziness, lack of concentration, memory loss, numbness in the limbs, increased nocturia, palpitations, chest tightness, and weakness. Insufficient blood supply to the brain due to prolonged hypertension is also a cause of dizziness.

The main symptoms of hypertension are dizziness, head swelling, headache, head fever, tinnitus, forgetfulness, memory loss, insomnia and dreaminess, neck pain, neck and back stiffness, panic, shortness of breath, chest tightness, chest and abdomen fullness, heavy legs, weakness of lower limbs walking, numbness of hands and feet, weakness of waist and knees, coldness of both feet, heat in the heart of hands and feet, excessive nocturnal urination, pain all over the body, red face and eyes, dryness of both eyes, eye blur, blurred vision, constipation, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, irritability, etc.

There are different types of hypotension, acute and chronic.

Acute hypotension means that the blood pressure suddenly decreases from all normal or high levels, and is more significant, and most of these conditions are due to ischemia of the brain, heart, kidneys and other human organs, appearing dizziness and black eyes, limbs soft and sweaty, palpitations and urine and other conditions, more serious will be shock.

Chronic hypotension means that the blood pressure is significantly lower than the normal category, and is a persistent condition. It is prevalent in women and the elderly, with mild cases of mian without all illnesses, and more severe cases of physical fatigue, dizziness, etc. It is more significant in summer when the average temperature is higher. A part of patients with hypotension patients dizziness when standing up, which is called postural hypotension.

The symptoms of hypotension may include: dizziness, headache, loss of appetite, fatigue, pallor, indigestion, seasickness, etc. Serious symptoms include: upright vertigo, cold extremities, palpitations, dyspnea, ataxia, slurred pronunciation, even fainting, and prolonged bed rest. These symptoms are mainly due to the drop in blood pressure, resulting in slow blood circulation and distal capillary ischemia, which affects the supply of oxygen and nutrients to tissue cells and the excretion of carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes. In particular, the blood supply to the brain and heart is affected.

Such a prolonged period of time makes the body function greatly reduced, and the main hazards include: vision, hearing loss, induced or aggravated senile dementia, dizziness, fainting, falls, and fracture incidence greatly increased. Weakness, mental fatigue, depression and melancholy always occur, which affects the quality of life of patients.

25 Healthy Tips for You

With the continuous development of society, healthy life has long been more than a hypothetical one. The pursuit of health is also the right and hope of everyone. There is a saying that it is better to earn more money than to have a good body. Then how to live a healthy life? It is not difficult, as long as you do the smallest details and pays attention to those hidden points, so that you can have health. Here are some suggestions from top physicians for your health.

The first point, relax and laugh can reduce both the social and work stress around everyone, but also lower blood pressure and promote the effectiveness of the body's internal coordination, so keep smiling is a prerequisite for everyone to have a good body.

The second point, breakfast must be eaten. Not only is not eating breakfast ineffective for weight loss, and can cause rebound, a moderate breakfast can also reduce the body's absorption of excess sugar.

The third point, to ensure adequate sleep everday, sufficient sleep not only provides everyone with a day of energy but also prolongs life expectancy and improves memory.

The fourth point, prohibit staying up late, staying up late is an act that hurts the body. The human body enters a rest period after midnight zero, so staying up late is an overdraft of the body.

The fifth point, too much pampering of the spine is a disguised injury, more rest is not conducive to the health of the spine, more exercise to relieve pain and protect the spine.

The sixth point, eat fruits and vegetables, to pick up the bright colors to eat. The bright color indicates that the nutrients contained in itself are rich, eat more conducive to the absorption of the body.

The seventh point, the cleaning of bacteria in the mouth, through a combination of brushing and flossing. Brushing can only maintain the cleanliness of the mouth, flossing is the key to a clean mouth.

The eighth point, in a place where the air conditions are good, does deep breathing. Good air conditions meet the needs of all parts of the body, and breathing deeply is an indispensable way to maintain health.

The ninth point ,put yoga class into their activity schedule, yoga is also an important way to prevent cardiovascular disease, body ligament strain.

The tenth point is to overcome isolation so that everyone has a young heart. A heart full of things will make everyone age faster, and there is a possibility that people will not be able to top the heavy pressure and produce the idea of questioning themselves.

The eleventh point, try to  fewer intakes of high-calorie food. High-calorie food is the culprit of obesity, want to have a healthy body, a reasonable weight is important.

The twelfth point, be a mindful person, whether sick or not, everyone should have a thorough understanding of their own body, to be able to deal with unexpected situations with ease.

The thirteenth point, male friends should be turned away from the beer belly, beer belly not only has increased the risk of disease, but also can weaken the testosterone secretion of male friends, so that male friends gradually lose sexual function.

The fourteenth point, green tea is an important substance to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer.

The fifteenth point, occasionally a few sound sports is also the key to have a good body. Such exercise not only has the effect of reducing stress and weight loss but also provides the basis for you to have a good body.

The sixteenth point, look at sex as a kind of enjoyment, proper sex will make your whole person look younger.

The seventeenth point, learn to put their money in the bank, money is an important reason to bother everyone's life, put money in the bank to help you have a good state of mind, it is also helpful to your health.

The eighteen points , clear about the standard health coefficient of each part of the body. Know these dogs, go to the hospital for regular checkups, and if there are changes, make timely adjustments to keep your body healthy.

The nineteenth point, strength training is also essential, strength training can exercise everyone's muscles can also accelerate the burning of calories in the body.

The twentieth point, nuts are also an important food to supplement the body's nutrition, eat more nuts is also beneficial to the body.

The twenty-first point, regular examination of their genitals, for male friends, the probability of genital disease is particularly high, if found in time, there is the possibility of medical treatment.

The twenty-second point, dancing is also a way to maintain a healthy body, appropriate dancing also has the effect of weight loss, but also exercise everyone's reaction ability, is a simple but practical healthy lifestyle.

The twenty-third point, for some purpose also to adhere to exercise, according to scientific statistics, a long period of exercise can enhance the quality of male friends' sex life.

Point twenty-four, do not only a skill but also a way to keep healthy, cooking according to their tastes, help to have a good diet condition, so that everyone keeps a good body.

The twenty-fifth point, get out of the house, more sunshine, more fresh air. These are all ways to maintain health anytime and anywhere.

These are the common ways to maintain health in everyone's life, learn these, closer to a healthy body, all of us have what reason not to master it? For your own body, it's time to put in the effort.

 

What is white coat hypertension?

Whitecoat hypertension is a condition in which some patients have elevated blood pressure when their blood pressure is measured in a doctor's office, but their blood pressure is normal when they self-test at home or do two or four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring with a device carried by the patient themselves and no medical personnel present.

This may be due to the increased heart rate of the patient after seeing a doctor in a white coat, as well as the presence of excessive catecholamines in the blood, which also causes peripheral vasoconstriction and increased resistance, resulting in the so-called white coat effect, thus causing an increase in blood pressure.

With the progress of research on the diagnosis and prevention of hypertension, white coat hypertension is receiving more and more attention, and epidemiological surveys have found that white coat hypertension accounts for 9% to 16% of patients with hypertension.

At present, the mechanism of the disease is not too clear, and most people believe that it is related to mental stress, which may be related to the stress response and or alertness response generated by the patient.

It has been found that this white coat hypertension may be an intermediate state between normal blood pressure and persistent hypertension, and the incidence is higher in young women and non-smoking people, so this white coat hypertension should be strengthened with follow-up observation.

Whitecoat hypertension is when blood pressure is measured in the hospital due to mental tension, anxiety, and sympathetic excitement, resulting in elevated blood pressure, while blood pressure is normal when measured at home because it is very relaxed. 

The following methods can defeat white coat hypertension.

1. You should communicate with your doctor before taking your blood pressure.

2. Do your psychological adjustment, do deep breathing, rest for 20 minutes, and then test your blood pressure.

3. Eat some calming and calming food beforehand, such as bananas, milk, sour dates, etc. If necessary, take some sedatives, such as Valium, etc.

4. Severe cases can see a psychiatrist for psychological guidance.

5. Further do ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to clarify whether there is hypertension or not.

Although white coat hypertension is not high blood pressure, some studies have confirmed that people with white coat hypertension are more likely to suffer from hypertension after years than normal people, so we should pay attention to white coat hypertension. Adjust your emotions in time and actively improve your lifestyle to avoid developing true hypertension.

Why is high blood pressure linked to gut flora?

The pathogenesis of primary hypertension is still unclear and is a major key problem plaguing the medical community, but diet, life, environment, and bad mood can cause hypertension are known factors, so what mechanism do these factors use to cause hypertension? One study found that intestinal flora may be associated with these factors causing high blood pressure.

The metabolite SCFA can lower blood pressure. 

SCFA is a class of metabolites that are produced from undigested carbohydrates in the intestine after intestinal bio metabolism, including acetate, butyrate, and propionate. These substances can be involved in blood pressure regulation, diastole blood vessels, reduce inflammation, and suppress immune responses.

Gut microbes can also influence hypertension through inflammatory and immune responses

The dietary intake of red meat, which is digested and metabolized in the body to produce TMAO, has been the subject of much attention for its ability to cause atherosclerosis. They have also been found to be correlated with hypertension. Ferments of Lactobacillus can protect vascular endothelial cells and inhibit hypertension-related inflammation and oxidative stress by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. The process of systemic immune and inflammatory response can be induced by the release of endotoxins after the self-decomposition of intestinal flora, which can aggravate the progression of hypertension-associated chronic kidney disease.

The number of bifidobacteria in the intestinal flora of hypertensive patients is significantly reduced and inflammatory cells in serum and tissues are significantly increased, while bifidobacteria are probiotics that are involved in the maturation and regulation of the body's immune system, which is why imbalance of intestinal flora can cause hypertension.

Intestinal flora can indeed affect blood pressure values, but some flora can significantly lower blood pressure, which is beneficial to human health; some flora will instead raise blood pressure, which is not beneficial to human health.

how to play the role of antihypertensive flora and avoid the role of antihypertensive flora? Mainly from two aspects.

Eat a light diet, avoid high salt diet.

High salt diet will lead to high blood pressure this is the old knowledge, in the past, we think high salt diet causes high blood pressure because of high osmotic pressure brought about by high salt diet, the blood vessel wall has a relatively strong destructive force. And now there are new findings on high salt diet causing high blood pressure, high salt diet will affect the number and type of lactobacillus in the intestine, but also through the immune response, affecting blood pressure. In addition to avoiding a high salt diet, a light diet should also avoid large fish and meat, especially red meat, and a vegetarian diet with more dietary fiber, which has a positive effect on lowering blood pressure.

In addition, prebiotics such as plant polyphenols, inulin, and or oligosaccharides can promote the growth of bifidobacteria and promote the recovery of butyrate production substances, thus lowering the blood pressure of the organism. 

A more typical plant polyphenol-rich substance is tea, which is rich in tea polyphenols. Therefore, appropriate tea consumption by hypertensive patients can regulate blood pressure by affecting probiotics, in addition to relieving fatigue and regulating mood.