Whether the high blood pressure can get covid-19 vaccine?

Whether the high blood pressure can get covid-19 vaccine?

As more and more people have been vaccinated against COVID-19, more and more people want to be vaccinated, but they are worried about the side effects due to their reasons. Among them, a lot of people ask more is whether the high blood pressure can get covid-19 vaccine? 

New crown from r&d to vaccine to clinically, in fact, time is short, and other vaccines have obvious differences, and often there will be some limitations when vaccines, not everyone can be injected, when vaccines need to master some taboo matters, such as high blood pressure patients can not injection.

Why can't hypertension vaccine of injecting new champions league?

The reason why patients with high blood pressure should not receive the COVID-19 vaccine is that injecting the vaccine without control of blood pressure will make blood pressure more serious and even cause a series of adverse reactions, which will affect the effect of vaccination. 

The COVID-19 vaccine is not suitable for all people

The COVID-19 vaccine is not suitable for all people, such as allergic people, breastfeeding women, and people with chronic diseases. If chronic diseases can be controlled by drugs and the body can remain stable and in good condition, vaccination can be given. Conversely, vaccination is not recommended if you are in the acute phase of the disease, regardless of the condition.

• For hypertensive patients, inoculation can be carried out when the hypertensive treatment plan is adjusted and the blood pressure is controlled at or near the normal range. If the blood pressure fluctuates significantly beyond the normal range, it is recommended to postpone the vaccination, have timely communication with the doctor, adjust the treatment plan, and then vaccinate after meeting the requirements. 

• Patients with diabetes can receive the COVID-19 vaccine normally if their blood glucose is stable and there are no acute complications or acute episodes of chronic complications after lifestyle adjustment and/or drug treatment. In the case of acute diabetic complications (ketoacidosis, hypertonic state, lactic acidosis) or acute onset of chronic complications, it is recommended to postpone inoculation. Various drugs used to treat diabetes (including insulin injection) are not contraindicated as vaccination. 

• For patients with other diseases, such as tumors, who have been stabilized after surgery or radiotherapy and chemotherapy, they can be vaccinated normally. Like heart disease patients, in a stable period can also be vaccinated. 

Can people with high blood pressure get covid-19 vaccine?

Patients with hypertension need to have their condition under control before they can be vaccinated, and whether or not they can be vaccinated depends on how well their blood pressure is controlled.

• Patients with hypertension whose blood pressure does not exceed 140/90 MMHG can receive the COVID-19 vaccine if they take care of medication, diet, and exercise. 

• If the patient has a low pressure < 100mmHg and a high pressure < 160mmHg, the injection can also be administered, but be sure to keep the patient under observation. 

• If the patient has a low-pressure ≥100mmHg or a high-pressure ≥160mmHg, do not rush the injection until the blood pressure is under control after medication or lifestyle improvements. 

It is recommended that patients with high blood pressure inform medical staff of their physical condition and disease history truthfully before vaccination so that medical staff can make a judgment on whether the injection is acceptable.

The upcoming high blood pressure vaccine, a shot will not need to take antihypertensive drugs?

Some time ago there was a good news that made many people with high blood pressure feel very surprised, that is, the high blood pressure vaccine will soon be available. Some people feel that after this vaccine is released, there will be no need to take medication after the high blood pressure vaccine is injected, and the body will no longer get those so-called side effects Is the effect of the hypertension vaccine exactly that? Let's learn more about it below.

1. Is high blood pressure vaccine a vaccine?

The high blood pressure vaccine is different from the hepatitis vaccine, the flu vaccine, and the covid vaccine that we used to get because the common vaccines are given to healthy people before they get sick to prevent the occurrence of related diseases. The high blood pressure vaccine is not preventive, but rather a "therapeutic player" that can replace some of the hypertension medications, targeting the main targets that cause hypertension, and allowing the body to produce antibodies through the vaccine and maintain the effect of lowering blood pressure for a while.

2. High blood pressure vaccine, one shot can say goodbye to antihypertensive drugs?

This idea is still in the ideal stage for now.

First, the high blood pressure vaccine is not a one-shot, once-and-for-all solution.

The longest duration of antibodies found in the literature is the Ang II vaccine developed by Nakagami's team in Japan, which lasts for more than 6 months.

Second, high blood pressure vaccine do not cover all patients with hypertension.

The site of action of current hypertension vaccines lies in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), where the Ang II vaccine has made greater progress, and the small molecular weight of Ang II plays a key role by blocking the RAAS. However, the pathogenesis of hypertension is complex and diverse, and blocking only a single mechanism, the RAAS, does not address the diverse etiology of hypertension.

Depending on the pathogenesis, there is more than one type of drug therapy corresponding to different pathogenic mechanisms, and the common ones are.

• ① Diuretics, common drugs include furosemide, spironolactone, etc.

• ② β-blockers, the effect of these drugs on lowering blood pressure is weaker, and the representative drugs mainly include beta-lactam and bisoprolol.

• ③ Angiotensin receptor antagonists or converting enzyme inhibitors, common drugs include Enalapril, Irbesartan, and other drugs.

• ④ Calcium channel blockers, common drugs include amlodipine, nifedipine.

Many hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive drugs need a combination of drugs to achieve a good antihypertensive effect, and I am afraid that this single antihypertensive mechanism of high blood pressure vaccine can not meet the needs of patients with complex conditions.

Third, there are indications for high blood pressure vaccine

• A single-target high blood pressure vaccine may only be suitable for those patients with mild to moderate hypertension (systolic blood pressure: 140 mmHg to 179 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure: 90 mmHg to 109 mmHg).

• Because patients with severe hypertension have excessively high blood pressure and more complex pathogenesis, the benefit of vaccination against hypertension with a single target is limited.

• In addition, hypertensive patients with immunodeficiency or autoimmune diseases are not suitable for high blood pressure vaccine; patients who are allergic to high blood pressure vaccine should not be used.

In summary, people who want to get rid of hypertension and antihypertensive drugs with a single shot may forget that the ideal is very rich and the display is very skeletal. At this stage, it is still necessary to rely on antihypertensive drugs.

3. When can the high blood pressure vaccine be started?

The high blood pressure vaccine has been proposed since the 1950s, until 2008 when The Lancet reported an article about a Swiss drug company developing a high blood pressure vaccine, and then now, the hypertension vaccine and individualized treatment, immune tolerance, immune system impact, and other very problems are still to be verified one by one.

There is also news that it is expected that by August 2022 perhaps patients can use, even after the high blood pressure vaccine is available, it is not recommended to vaccinate blindly, should be based on the doctor's advice for reference.

4. To stabilize blood pressure, in addition to taking drugs regularly and quantitatively, you should also put your hope in some small things in your daily life, if the small things are not done well, even if you take more drugs may affect the effectiveness of the drugs.

• Control weight and eat lightly

Patients with hypertension should take the initiative to stay away from foods that may lead to fat because these foods generally have a common feature, that is, the fat and fat content is very high, a large amount of fat into the body is easy to accumulate in the body, not only will lead to fat, while some lipid substances into the blood vessels, will also affect the stability of blood pressure.

• Control sodium quit smoking and alcohol

I believe we should have heard that the daily salt intake of healthy adults should not exceed 6 grams, know that hypertensive patients are not considered healthy adults, so these people in the control of sodium salt should be reduced, it is recommended that the daily salt intake is maintained within 4 grams, because too much salt intake into the body is easy to stimulate the blood vessels, and often smoking and drinking will also lead to harmful substances into the body is not conducive to the health of blood vessels and blood pressure.

• Exercise properly and take regular blood pressure tests

Do not feel afraid to participate in sports after suffering from hypertension, in fact, for people with high blood pressure, a certain amount of time every day to participate in some moderate exercise, which will help stabilize blood pressure.

In summary, although the arrival of the high blood pressure vaccine can largely reduce people's suffering, for people suffering from hypertension, do not put all your hopes on the vaccination, the key is to regulate the usual behavior habits, regular and quantitative medication.

Conclusion: Are you friends in front of the screen looking forward to the release of the high blood pressure vaccine? What do you think about it? Welcome to leave comments below.

all photoes from pexels

Why is high blood pressure linked to gut flora?

The pathogenesis of primary hypertension is still unclear and is a major key problem plaguing the medical community, but diet, life, environment, and bad mood can cause hypertension are known factors, so what mechanism do these factors use to cause hypertension? One study found that intestinal flora may be associated with these factors causing high blood pressure.

The metabolite SCFA can lower blood pressure. 

SCFA is a class of metabolites that are produced from undigested carbohydrates in the intestine after intestinal bio metabolism, including acetate, butyrate, and propionate. These substances can be involved in blood pressure regulation, diastole blood vessels, reduce inflammation, and suppress immune responses.

Gut microbes can also influence hypertension through inflammatory and immune responses

The dietary intake of red meat, which is digested and metabolized in the body to produce TMAO, has been the subject of much attention for its ability to cause atherosclerosis. They have also been found to be correlated with hypertension. Ferments of Lactobacillus can protect vascular endothelial cells and inhibit hypertension-related inflammation and oxidative stress by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. The process of systemic immune and inflammatory response can be induced by the release of endotoxins after the self-decomposition of intestinal flora, which can aggravate the progression of hypertension-associated chronic kidney disease.

The number of bifidobacteria in the intestinal flora of hypertensive patients is significantly reduced and inflammatory cells in serum and tissues are significantly increased, while bifidobacteria are probiotics that are involved in the maturation and regulation of the body's immune system, which is why imbalance of intestinal flora can cause hypertension.

Intestinal flora can indeed affect blood pressure values, but some flora can significantly lower blood pressure, which is beneficial to human health; some flora will instead raise blood pressure, which is not beneficial to human health.

how to play the role of antihypertensive flora and avoid the role of antihypertensive flora? Mainly from two aspects.

Eat a light diet, avoid high salt diet.

High salt diet will lead to high blood pressure this is the old knowledge, in the past, we think high salt diet causes high blood pressure because of high osmotic pressure brought about by high salt diet, the blood vessel wall has a relatively strong destructive force. And now there are new findings on high salt diet causing high blood pressure, high salt diet will affect the number and type of lactobacillus in the intestine, but also through the immune response, affecting blood pressure. In addition to avoiding a high salt diet, a light diet should also avoid large fish and meat, especially red meat, and a vegetarian diet with more dietary fiber, which has a positive effect on lowering blood pressure.

In addition, prebiotics such as plant polyphenols, inulin, and or oligosaccharides can promote the growth of bifidobacteria and promote the recovery of butyrate production substances, thus lowering the blood pressure of the organism. 

A more typical plant polyphenol-rich substance is tea, which is rich in tea polyphenols. Therefore, appropriate tea consumption by hypertensive patients can regulate blood pressure by affecting probiotics, in addition to relieving fatigue and regulating mood.

 

Some specific issues of concern to patients with high blood pressure

1 My blood pressure is 160/90. Do I have high blood pressure?

Blood pressure 160/90 is a relatively serious hypertensive disease when your high pressure reaches 140mmHg level or more or low pressure reaches 90mmHg and above is a hypertensive disease, high pressure in reaching 140mmHg, but not reach 160mmHg, low pressure reaches 90mmHg, but not reach 100mmHg, belong to hypertension grade 1. High pressure reaching 160mmHg and not reaching 180mmHg, or low pressure reaching 100mmHg and not reaching 110mmHg, belongs to hypertension grade 2. High pressure of 180mmHg and above, or low pressure of 110mmHg and above, is classified as hypertension grade 3.

At present, your blood pressure has reached hypertension grade 2, and damage to target organs such as the heart, brain, kidney, and eye may occur at any time, so your blood pressure already belongs to the more serious hypertensive disease, and you should actively control your blood pressure to reduce the chance of its complications.

2 My blood pressure is 158 / 79, is it normal?

The blood pressure reference value for normal people, systolic blood pressure 90-139mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure 60-89mmHg is normal, but the diagnosis of hypertension cannot be concluded based on one blood pressure alone. It is necessary to monitor the blood pressure several times for many consecutive days which are higher than the normal reference value and to exclude the influence of emotional tension, psychological factors, activities, and other factors on blood pressure before hypertension can be considered. If there is no family history of hypertension, it is unlikely to consider hypertension. It is recommended that you master the correct method of blood pressure measurement and take blood pressure measurement after sufficient rest before taking blood pressure measurement, preferably the blood pressure measured in the morning when there is no activity.

3 Is my blood pressure of 90 / 60 normal or too low?

Blood pressure 90/60 is critical and is not considered low blood pressure. Generally, patients with blood pressure below 90-60 mmHg are hypotensive, so 90-60 mmHg is only the threshold. It is suggested that you can take some medicine to replenish blood and Qi, eat a light and regular diet, and achieve a balanced and reasonable nutrition. It is recommended to observe blood pressure every day, and if there are abnormal symptoms, such as dizziness and palpitations, to consider the treatment.

4 My blood pressure is 110/90, is that normal?

A low blood pressure of 90 is on the line of hypertension, and if the blood pressure is 90 on 2 consecutive measurements on a non-same day, then hypertensive disease can be diagnosed. But it is important to exclude other factors that affect blood pressure, such as poor sleep, and having other diseases that cause changes in blood pressure. Such as poor sleep, high blood lipids, high work stress, mental tension, etc. If there is the latter case, it should be ruled out first. You can go to check the blood lipids, blood sugar, etc. Exercise properly, live a regular life, eat less oil and salt, do not smoke, and eat more vegetables and fruits. At present your blood pressure is just on the line of hypertension, not very high, so you don't need to take medicine first, life adjustment 1-2 months later. But usually, you need to monitor your blood pressure and measure it 1-3 times a day. For example, measure it recently in the morning, at night, and at noon to see if there are times when your blood pressure gets higher.

5 My blood pressure is 150/105, is it normal?

High pressure 150 mmHg, low pressure 105 mmHg belongs to the second level of hypertension, this blood pressure can be restored to normal through good habits or take drugs to correct blood pressure, does not belong to a very serious disease, can be appropriate to relax the pressure, cause blood pressure is relatively more reasons. For example, genetic factors, emotional excitement, poor rest, endocrine disorders, renal artery stenosis, cold, and fever, etc. The first time the blood pressure is found to be high, you can drink some corn husk tea or honeysuckle tea under the guidance of your doctor, and then recheck your blood pressure after a week. Don't think too much, keep your mood relaxed, and seek medical attention if you have any problems.

6 My blood pressure is 124/55, is that low blood pressure?

Usually, when we do a medical checkup to measure blood pressure, we are more concerned about the high and low blood pressure, but not many people may be concerned about the differential blood pressure, in fact, the size of the differential blood pressure also indicates the possibility of our body suffering from a disease. When the pulse pressure difference is detected greater than 60 or less than 20 are abnormal conditions.Your high pressure is normal and your low pressure is slightly low. In addition, the pulse pressure difference is slightly high. Surrounding environment as well as personal emotions have a great influence on blood pressure. So it is recommended to measure blood pressure several times. Also keep an optimistic state of mind every day, pay attention to rest and do not stay up late.

7 My blood pressure is 85/67, is it normal?

Normal blood pressure is 90-140/60-90mmHg, your blood pressure is 85/67 normal low level. It is recommended to measure blood pressure several times, sometimes the value of one measurement may be deviated. If your blood pressure is low and you have dizziness and other uncomfortable symptoms, you need to do blood tests to find out the cause of the low blood pressure and to treat it. You can improve this situation by eating more protein-rich foods and exercising daily to strengthen your body.

8. What happens when my blood pressure exceeds 160/110?

Blood pressure of 160 and 110, systolic blood pressure of 160, and diastolic blood pressure of 110, basically belong to the second level of hypertension. The range standard for grade two hypertension is systolic blood pressure in 160 to 179 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure in 100 to 109 mm Hg, basically belongs to is more serious, or to pay attention to. The diastolic blood pressure is already greater than or equal to 110, which is the diastolic blood pressure standard for grade 3 hypertension. Once hypertension is diagnosed, patients still need to take antihypertensive drugs regularly for a long time to control blood pressure smoothly, only to control blood pressure smoothly can reduce the occurrence of many complications. In addition to medication, adjustments should also be made in diet and life.

5 frequently asked questions about high blood pressure

1.What state is blood pressure when sleeping？

Blood pressure decreases during sleep, and in normal people or people with hypertension, blood pressure values change in an arytenoid pattern. Blood pressure is at a high level during the day, and at night, especially during sleep, it drops and is at a lower level. This is mainly related to the excitability of the human-plant nervous system. At night, the vagus nerve tone increases, the sympathetic excitability decreases, the blood vessels are in a more relaxed state, and the blood pressure drops, which is a normal situation.

Such patients need to pay attention to the reasonable choice of drugs because the blood pressure is lower at night during sleep and higher during the day, the drug with longer effect should be selected. Early morning meditation, just after the effect of the drug to play the daytime high blood pressure down. At night, the blood pressure can still be maintained at a more appropriate level because the medication has been used for a longer period and the effect of the medication gradually diminishes.

Try to reduce the medication in the evening, especially the faster effect of antihypertensive drugs, which will cause the patient's blood pressure to fall further during sleep at night, down to an inappropriate level, and even cause cerebral thrombosis, myocardial infarction, etc.

2.Does blood pressure drop when a person doesn't eat?

Not eating can cause low blood pressure, but it is usually only people who do not eat for a long time that cause low blood pressure. If you don't eat for a long time, your body will lose weight, and if you don't have enough energy for a long time, the pressure in your blood vessels will drop, which is why people who don't eat for a long time have low blood pressure.

Long-term non-eating, the body's energy sources will be insufficient, insufficient energy sources will cause the body a series of activities to reduce, will cause the body's metabolic rate to reduce, will cause the gastrointestinal tract function to reduce, but also affect the normal work of the brain nerve center, because not eating leads to no source of sugar, the body glucose content is reduced, the brain work will be inhibited. If one or two meals are not eaten occasionally, blood pressure will not decrease, mainly because blood pressure is controlled by the central brain.

3.Why hypertension cannot be completely cured？

Hypertension is the most common chronic disease, through clinical medical investigation found that hypertension can not be completely cured, of course, as long as good prevention, good control of their blood pressure, can effectively reduce the method of hypertension, and effectively reduce mortality.

There are many reasons why hypertension cannot be completely cured. First of all, the cause of hypertension is not clear at present. That is to say when the cause is not clear, it is impossible to treat the disease completely, and there are some limitations in the process of treatment. The cause of hypertension is not completely clear, from the medical point of view, often more understand the cause of hypertension, such as mental work, long-term mental stress, improper diet, often drinking, or obesity, and of course, there is a family history of hypertension and so on. These are the causes of high blood pressure, but they are not the primary cause of the disease.

In addition, patients with hypertension are also prone to atherosclerosis, which is one of the most important reasons why hypertension is particularly harmful. High blood pressure can lead to atherosclerosis, and atherosclerosis, in turn, can promote further damage from high blood pressure. Medication for hypertension did not significantly promote the improvement of atherosclerosis. Long-term hypertension will lead to the thinning of blood vessel walls in patients, resulting in a sudden and significant increase in blood pressure, which further aggravates the symptoms of hypertension in patients. And high blood pressure is also easy to cause patients to appear heart failure, cause patients to appear brain artery disease, even cause paralysis and other conditions. Hypertension can only aggravate the disease, but can not be completely cured.

For patients with high blood pressure, of course, don't worry too much about, through the clinical investigation found that patients with high blood pressure at ordinary times as long as to strengthen the prevention and timing of antihypertensive medications regularly, keep good habits of life, they will be able to maintain blood pressure at a healthy level, so to minimize the harm of patients with high blood pressure will be. For patients with hypertension, the cause of this chronic disease has not been completely clear, especially from the gene level has not been completely conquered, in the future, it is expected to be clear on this level of the cause, and then hypertension may be completely cured.

4. Can driving cause high blood pressure?

The pathogenesis of hypertension has many mechanisms, one of which is prolonged driving and sedentary driving. So here to remind the drivers who often drive, pay more attention to their precautions, if hypertension is on the road in driving the consequences are unthinkable.

When driving a person's attention is highly concentrated, especially on the highway, continuous tension will stimulate sympathetic excitation, resulting in a rise in blood pressure, vascular spasm contraction reduced blood flow, and intensify myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. When the road is congested, people's emotions are easily irritable, encounter overtaking, violations, inevitably anger from the heart, a large influx of blood to the heart, blood pressure rose sharply, at this time, I am afraid that the morning to eat antihypertensive drugs can not suppress the rising blood pressure. In addition, after the car, many people completely dependent on the car, and even go out to buy a bag of salt are to drive and walk every day even more than 500 steps. In the long run, the legs enter a "wasted" state, prone to leg aging, more serious is the lower extremity blood flow back to the heart lack of power, the heart needs to spend more effort to complete the lower extremity blood circulation. Driving is because always keep a posture, blood flow is slow especially easy to long thrombosis. If thrombosis occurs in the veins of the lower extremities, once the thrombus is dislodged, it may cause a fatal pulmonary embolism.

What should hypertensive patients pay attention to driving? 

• First, drive long distances, try to shorten the continuous driving time, rest at least 10-15 minutes every two or three hours, and have timely hydration.

• Second, in poor road conditions, road congestion to avoid fire, you can sing and listen to soothing music. Singing loudly can enhance gas exchange and provide more oxygen to the heart and lungs. In places with severe traffic jams and poor air circulation, open the windows less often, as the harmful gases emitted from a large amount of exhaust may stimulate the blood vessels, causing vascular spasms and inducing heart disease. 

In addition, control the number of times you drive, it is best to drive no more than 3 days a week. If you experience dizziness and chest tightness while driving, stop the car in a safe are

5.What is the maximum blood pressure that can be reached?

There is no maximum value for hypertension. 

Everyone's blood pressure level is different and each level of hypertension manifests itself differently. Normal blood pressure is 90-140mmHg for high pressure and 60-90mmHg for low pressure. High pressure and low pressure can be diagnosed as hypertension as long as they are above this level. It is common to have a predominantly elevated high pressure, which can be over 200mmHg, or a predominantly elevated low pressure, which can be over 110mmHg.

Each person's ability to tolerate hypertension is also different. 

Some patients with a blood pressure of 140-150 mmHg feel very strong headaches and headaches, while some patients with a blood pressure of 180-200 mmHg do not feel it. The blood pressure of hypertension is only the performance and measurement value, and its sensation and clinical manifestations are also different.

Patients with a systolic blood pressure of 200 mmHg are more dangerous. 

Whether the blood pressure rises gradually or suddenly to 200 mmHg, are more dangerous conditions. Once the systolic blood pressure is greater than 180 mmHg, it can indicate that the patient has entered a dangerous state. According to the clinical manifestations, hypertension can be divided into hypertensive emergencies or hypertensive non-emergencies, hypertensive sub-emergencies. When the systolic blood pressure of hypertensive emergencies is usually greater than 180 mmHg, the patient may experience damage to the heart, brain, kidney, and other parenchymal organs, and may suffer from impaired consciousness, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, acute heart failure, angina pectoris, and other conditions. Acute oliguria or a sharp decline in kidney function may also occur, and patients need emergency antihypertensive treatment under supervision. In addition, if the blood pressure suddenly rises above 200 mmHg without discomfort, which may not cause heart, brain, or kidney organ damage temporarily, the blood pressure should also be actively lowered and the antihypertensive drugs should be adjusted.

How to Choose the Right Blood Pressure Medicine?

1. Which blood pressure medicine are most suitable for you?

For patients with hypertension, the most difficult thing is to find the right blood pressure medicine for them. Especially for some people who just found themselves suffering from hypertension, the doctor prescribed antihypertensive drugs to eat for a while, found that the effect of lowering blood pressure is not obvious, it is a little anxious, want to try a new antihypertensive drug, but there are a variety of antihypertensive drugs on the market, and do not know how to choose. In response to this problem, today I talk to you about the advantages and disadvantages of various antihypertensive drugs.

2. A classification of antihypertensive drugs

First of all, I would like to tell you that when patients buy drugs, many of them say the trade name, such as dihydro cotrimoxazole, captopril tablets, and so on. But doctors generally classify antihypertensive drugs according to the chemical name of the drug, for example, metoprolol and bisoprolol belong to the beta-blocker class of drugs. The classification of drugs I am talking about today is also based on their chemical names. Regardless of the number of trade names of antihypertensive drugs, they can be divided into five main categories based on their chemical composition.

1. Diuretics
2. Beta-blockers
3. Calcium channel blockers
4. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
5. Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Does it feel difficult to remember? Don't worry, I'll introduce them to you one by one,then can help you choose the right blood pressure medicine.

1. Diuretics

The so-called diuretics are drugs that accelerate urination to achieve the effect of lowering blood pressure. Commonly used are double gram (hydrochlorothiazide), rapid diuretic tablets (furosemide), spironolactone, and indapamide.

Efficacy characteristics: 

• These antihypertensive drugs have a smooth and slow onset of action, but the duration of the effect is also longer, mainly for mild hypertension and moderate hypertension, for salt-sensitive hypertension, combined with obesity or diabetes, menopausal women ,and elderly hypertension effect is better.

Adverse effects:

• The main adverse effect of diuretics is that they can cause hypokalemia and affect the metabolism of blood lipids, blood sugar, and blood uric acid, and may cause an increase in uric acid, so they should be used with caution if patients have gout.

In addition, when taking these antihypertensive drugs, patients may experience increased urine output and weakness. Potassium-protective diuretics such as spironolactone can cause hyperkalemia and should not be used in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), and should be used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency. 

2. β-blockers

Most of these antihypertensive drugs have "Lol" in their trade names. For example  metoprolol, bisoprolol, etc.

Efficacy characteristics: 

• these antihypertensive drugs have a rapid onset and strong effect, and the duration of the effect varies depending on the product. It is suitable for various severity of hypertension, especially for middle-aged and young patients with fast heart rates, or patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure.

Adverse effects:

• Adverse reactions mainly include slowed heart rate, weakness, and chills in the extremities.

Beta-blockers inhibit myocardial contractility, atrioventricular conduction, and sinus rhythm, and can increase airway resistance, so they are contraindicated in patients with acute heart failure, bronchial asthma, sick sinus node syndrome, high atrioventricular block and peripheral vascular disease.

3. calcium channel blockers

Most of these antihypertensive drugs have the word "diphenhydramine" in their trade names. For example: nifedipine, felodipine, amlodipine, etc.

Efficacy characteristics: 

• These drugs have few contraindications except for heart failure and have a wide range of applications. There is no significant effect on the metabolism of blood lipids and blood sugar, and the ability to control blood pressure in the long term and compliance with medication is better.

Advantages : 

• Better antihypertensive effect for elderly patients; high sodium intake does not affect the antihypertensive efficacy; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs do not interfere with the antihypertensive effect; significant antihypertensive effect in patients with alcoholism; can be used in patients with combined diabetes, coronary artery disease, or peripheral vascular disease; also has an anti-atherosclerotic effect during long-term treatment.

Adverse effects:

• The main drawback is that it may cause increased heart rate, facial flushing, headache, and edema of the lower limbs. Some of these antihypertensive drugs should not be used in patients with heart failure, sinus node hypofunction, or heart block.

4. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)

Most of these antihypertensive drugs have the trade name "Pulley" in them. Commonly used are captopril, enalapril, benazepril, lenopril, cilazepril, perindopril, ramipril, and fosinopril.

Efficacy characteristics: 

• These drugs have the effect of improving insulin resistance and reducing urinary protein, and have relatively good efficacy in hypertensive patients with obesity, diabetes and impaired cardiac, and renal target organs, especially for hypertensive patients with heart failure, post-myocardial infarction, impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetic nephropathy.

Adverse effects:

• Mainly irritating dry cough and angioedema contraindicated in patients with hyperkalemia, pregnant women, and bilateral renal artery stenosis. Caution is required when using in patients with blood creatinine over 3 mg.

5. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB)

Most of these antihypertensive drugs have the word "sartan" in their trade names. For example: coxsartan, valsartan, irbesartan, irbesartan, temisartan and candesartan.

Efficacy characteristics: 

• These antihypertensive drugs, with increasing doses of antihypertensive effect, few adverse reactions, does not cause irritating dry cough, high compliance with continuous treatment.

Adverse reactions: 

• ARB is the same as ACEI in terms of treatment targets and contraindications and is not only a replacement drug for ACEI adverse reactions, but also has its own efficacy characteristics.

3. 5 suggestions for choose the right blood pressure medicine

1. Choose Blood Pressure Medicine that are not contraindicated

Contraindication refers to the condition that the drug is not suitable for certain diseases, conditions or specific people. For example, "renal artery stenosis" has become a consensus among doctors that "Prilosec" and "Sartan" drugs are contraindicated; "severe sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block The concept that "beta-blockers" and other such heart-rate slowing drugs are prohibited in patients with "severe sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular block" is well known.

2. Select individualized antihypertensive drugs

I'm afraid we all agree that antihypertensive drugs need to be individualized. For example, for hypertensive patients with a fast heart rate, "beta-blockers" are preferred because they slow down the heart rate, thus slowing down the patient's heart rate while treating hypertension. The selection of medication according to the individual patient can also be targeted to improve other conditions while treating hypertension and avoid adverse side effects!

3. Choose the Blood Pressure Medicine with the least adverse reactions

There are many adverse reactions to hypertension medications, and the reactions are not the same in different people, for example, the adverse reaction of coughing occurs when using "Priligy" type of antihypertensive drugs, but some people are obvious, some are not, and most people do not react. For example, some people may experience flushing, panic attacks, headaches and ankle edema with "diphenhydramine" antihypertensive drugs, so such patients need to choose other drugs with less adverse effects instead.

4. Choose the antihypertensive drug with the best compliance

Compliance is very important because hypertension requires long-term medication, and there is no good compliance if you can't take the medication on time and in sufficient quantity, after all, being able to take the antihypertensive medication on time and in sufficient quantity is the basis for treating hypertension. According to the comprehensive situation of the patient to choose long-acting, simple oral, the number of times a day to take less, reasonably priced antihypertensive drugs.

5. Choose Blood Pressure Medicine that can lower blood pressure smoothly

The so-called stable antihypertensive is to make the blood pressure fall gradually and steadily through the rational use of drugs, so that the body gradually adapts and tolerates it, in order to avoid the symptoms of dizziness and lack of blood supply to the brain caused by too rapid a fall in blood pressure, while keeping the blood pressure at a basic constant level for 24 hours, reducing fluctuations and minimizing the occurrence of various complications.

4. When is the best time to take antihypertensive tablets? 

Blood pressure varies with the time of day. In a normal person, blood pressure is highest in the morning at 8 o'clock and then decreases slowly. It then slowly decreases and then peaks again at about 4:00 pm. 

Therefore, for general hypertension patients, it is recommended that the first blood pressure peak occurs in the morning when the antihypertensive medication is used.

Blood Pressure Medicine is usually taken at 8 a.m. However, because the state of the disease is always varied, there are some patients whose blood pressure is higher in the afternoon, and the blood pressure value of the whole day shows a reverse spoon curve. In this case, the blood pressure medicine should be taken at 4 pm.

It is recommended that patients must make some special adjustments to their medication schedule based on their blood pressure monitoring curve throughout the day. If there are no special circumstances, it is generally recommended to take antihypertensive medication early in the morning, and if there are special circumstances, medication should be administered according to the special circumstances.

Many patients forget to take the medication or take the medication habit, they want to know whether it is okay to take the antihypertensive medication at night again in the end?

It is generally not recommended to take Blood Pressure Medicine before going to bed. 

First of all, taking antihypertensive drugs before going to bed is not in line with our normal physiological rules. When the human body sleeps at night, the blood pressure is usually low. If you take antihypertensive drugs at this time, it is more likely to occur hypotensive events. Once the low blood pressure occurs, but because you can't notice that you have low blood pressure during sleep, then it is likely to cause some adverse events.

Secondly, the body position is changed because, during sleep, the body position is different from the position in daily life. This can affect the blood pressure of hypertensive patients. Therefore, taking antihypertensive drugs before going to bed is likely to cause postural hypotension to occur. Also, because when we get up, the patient is also susceptible to hypotension due to the change in position from doing it lying down. Therefore, it is not recommended that hypertensive patients go to take antihypertensive 

Before using antihypertensive drugs, you should first go to the hospital for a comprehensive examination to understand your health condition and then choose the drug treatment reasonably under the guidance of your doctor.

additional resources

• Patients with hypertension must take their medication on time and in the right amount, but also consciously adjust their lifestyle and diet.

• Patients with hypertension should control their diet as well as regulate their lifestyle, which can be combined with some non-pharmaceutical treatments, such as drinking green tea, which can remove the waste from the blood and blood vessel walls and improve cardiovascular function from the root.

• Develop a good diet, low-fat and low-salt diet, do not stay up late, do not sit still, moderate exercise, etc.

• All photoes from pexels

• Wikipedia

3 most frequently asked questions about diastolic blood pressure

1.What caused diastolic blood pressure to suddenly rise? 

The possible reasons for the sudden rise in diastolic blood pressure are that it may be due to stress reflexes, that is, sudden mental stress, poor rest, and increased heart rate.

Diastolic pressure is when the human heart diastolic, arterial blood vessels elastic retraction, the pressure generated is called diastolic pressure, also called low pressure. When the heart is diastolic, the aortic pressure drops, and at the end of cardiac diastole the arterial blood pressure is at its lowest value called diastolic, the normal diastolic pressure in adults is <90Mmhg (12Kpa), some people subjectively feel dizzy, chest discomfort, and measure high diastolic pressure, which is due to increased sympathetic nerve activity and increased peripheral vascular resistance. It is an early stage of hypertension, and simple diastolic hypertension should still not be ignored, because, with the prolongation of the disease, simple diastolic hypertension can be transformed into classical hypertension. It may even progress to pure systolic hypertension.

The mechanisms of diastolic blood pressure are divided into two main categories: 

• first, impaired energy-consuming processes of calcium ion recycling into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and pumping out of the extracellular space when energy supply is inadequate, resulting in active diastolic dysfunction。

• second, impaired compliance and filling of the ventricular muscle. When these two types of abnormalities occur, elevated diastolic blood pressure can occur, mainly in the early stages of cardiac insufficiency in coronary artery disease and hypertensive heart disease. Severe cases are seen in restrictive cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, etc.

2.Why is my diastolic blood pressure low?

Low diastolic blood pressure is associated with many factors, such as a patient's heart valve closure insufficiency or the use of antihypertensive medication, which causes a drop in blood pressure and an increase in pulse pressure difference. Low diastolic blood pressure can easily lead to insufficient perfusion of the heart arteries and can easily cause problems such as dizziness.

Physiologically low diastolic blood pressure is also common in clinical practice and is related to family genetics and the patient's physical condition. 

It has little impact on the patient's health and life expectancy, so you don't need to worry too much about this condition and no special treatment is needed. 

If you are uncomfortable due to physiologically low diastolic blood pressure, you can take various complementary treatments and physical exercises to keep your blood pressure at a normal level. 

If patients often feel dizziness, headache, chest tightness, easy fatigue as well as body swelling and obvious weight gain within a short period, most of these conditions are pathological and should be promptly examined at a hospital to find out the cause for timely treatment.

The blood supply to the heart itself is borne by the coronary arteries, and the blood volume perfused by the coronary arteries needs to rely on the help of diastolic pressure. When the diastolic pressure is lower than 60 mmHg, the blood supply to the heart muscle is reduced by 1/3, which can seriously cause myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, and even myocardial infarction. Excessively low diastolic blood pressure at the same systolic blood pressure level increases the risk of myocardial infarction and increases mortality.

Blood pressure measurement is affected by many factors, such as emotional stress and tension, which can affect the value. Blood pressure is considered hypertensive if it is detected at or above 140 mmHg systolic and/or 90 mmHg diastolic at least three times under quiet and awake conditions using standard measurement methods; a blood pressure below 90/60 mmHg is called hypotension. 

You should pay attention to low diastolic blood pressure, especially in middle-aged and elderly people who have low diastolic blood pressure due to pathological reasons, and should promptly seek medical control and participate in physical exercise appropriately.

3.Does anxiety raise diastolic blood pressure?

Symptoms of anxiety or anxiety disorders can lead to elevated and fluctuating blood pressure, which is a manifestation of the somatization of mental illness. That is, the presence of a state of anxiety leads to a state of sympathetic excitability that is significantly elevated.

In this case, the blood pressure is affected by sympathetic excitability, resulting in vasoconstriction and increased heart rate, leading to a significant increase in blood pressure, and such a state can fluctuate greatly according to emotions, resulting in high and low blood pressure. If the anxiety is relieved by active medication or psychological treatment, the blood pressure can be quickly restored to a normal level.

 

How to properly measure blood pressure at home

Definition of blood pressure

Blood pressure is defined as arterial blood pressure, which is the lateral pressure of flowing blood against the walls of blood vessels. It is the result of the interaction of two forces: cardiac ejection and peripheral resistance.

There are systolic and diastolic blood pressure. When the heart is in systole, the arterial blood pressure rises to its highest value, called systolic blood pressure; when the heart is in diastole, the arterial blood pressure falls to its lowest point, called diastolic blood pressure.

Equipment for measuring blood pressure

Mercury sphygmomanometers, and tabletop sphygmomanometers and electronic sphygmomanometers are commonly used to measure blood pressure.To measure blood pressure at home, it is recommended to choose electronic sphygmomanometers.

Factors affecting blood pressure

Blood pressure is in a state of dynamic equilibrium. Factors such as mood, environment, diet, temperature, temperature, and method of measurement may affect fluctuations in blood pressure. Alcohol, smoking, pain, anxiety, exercise, medications, urine and bowel movements (especially in emergency situations) may immediately cause blood pressure fluctuations.

Precautions for measuring blood pressure

1. Do not drink alcohol, coffee or smoke for half an hour before taking your blood pressure. Be calm, empty your bowels, and do not eat again.

2. Rest calmly for 15 minutes before taking your blood pressure.

3. The sphygmomanometer should be at the same level as the heart.

4. Avoid putting pressure on the arm with the cuff. A proper tightness should be maintained between the cuff of the sphygmomanometer and the anterior humeral artery.

5. The sphygmomanometer's air sac should be completely evacuated.

Measure blood pressure at least two to three times a day.

There are two peak periods of blood pressure each day. 

Most people have a distinct circadian rhythm to their blood pressure, meaning that it is high during the day when they are active and low at night after they go to bed. 

There are generally two peak periods for blood pressure during the day, from 6-10 p.m. and from 4-8 p.m. 

Therefore, by measuring blood pressure during these two hours, the highest blood pressure point of the day can be seen. 

The highest blood pressure values throughout the day are mostly during these two hours, then gradually drop to the lowest value throughout the day, the second low point, at 1:00-2:00 am, and finally gradually rise to the first visit the next day. 

The difference between high blood pressure during the day and low blood pressure at night is related to the body clock and is the result of a combination of neurological, humoral, and endocrine regulation. When the body clock changes, blood pressure also changes, such as nurses, workers, and shift workers who work night shifts, and whose peak blood pressure may occur at night.Take your blood pressure at home and keep a good time, not too short intervals.

The significance of the application of peak blood pressure time.

1. In order to understand a person's blood pressure, it is necessary to choose two peak periods to measure the body's blood pressure.

2. Three consecutive measurements should be taken during the peak blood pressure period and averaged. Hypertension can only be diagnosed when the systolic blood pressure is greater than or equal to 140 mmHg or the diastolic blood pressure is greater than or equal to 90 mmHg; measuring blood pressure at times far from the peak period may lead to a missed diagnosis of hypertension.

3. Measure blood pressure at the same peak times each day and compare the levels. If you measure blood pressure in the morning on one day and in the afternoon on another day, it is difficult to make comparisons.

4. Use antihypertensive medication before the peak blood pressure time to get a handle on the effectiveness of short-, medium-, and long-acting agents in lowering blood pressure. Conversely, there is no point in using the medication.

When you take your own blood pressure measurements at home, record your daily measurements for a week or so to find the right time to take your medication, and these records can be more accurate for your doctor to diagnose your condition.

 

In addition, it is necessary to find out the daily peak time of blood pressure, find out the pattern of blood pressure changes, and take appropriate treatment.

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Not all high blood pressure patients must take antihypertensive drugs

Hypertension is a very common disease that is characterized by a persistent increase in arterial blood pressure above the normal range and can be accompanied by complications in target organs such as the heart, brain and kidneys. For patients with hypertension, because of the persistent elevation of blood pressure, they generally have to take long-term  antihypertensive drugs and reduce the occurrence of complications, but very few patients can do without long-term medication.

1. What are the specific hypertensive patients who can do without long-term  antihypertensive drugs?

• Some patients with secondary hypertension

Hypertension includes two categories: primary hypertension and secondary hypertension, of which secondary hypertension is the elevation of blood pressure caused by a clear cause, such as acute and chronic nephritis, pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, aortic stenosis, hyperthyroidism, etc. For patients with secondary hypertension, when we treat the underlying disease, blood pressure can often return to normal, or even achieve a cure, without the need for long-term  antihypertensive drugs.

• some patients with primary grade 1 hypertension

Primary hypertension is the most common type of hypertension, and its specific pathogenesis is not clear. It is considered to be caused by multiple factors such as genetics and environment, and once diagnosed, it requires active lifestyle improvement and treatment  antihypertensive drugs. For newly diagnosed primary hypertension, if the blood pressure level does not exceed 160/100mmHg, both patients with grade 1 hypertension and no other cardiovascular risk factors or complications, they can suspend the use of antihypertensive drugs and first carry out lifestyle intervention for up to three months, if the blood pressure control reaches the standard, then the lifestyle intervention can be continued, if the blood pressure is still high, then the use of blood pressure lowering drugs must be started.

2. The most important pathological changes in hypertension occur in the small arteries throughout the body. 

Simply put, the small arteries are generally contracted, have thickened walls, narrowed lumens, and lost elasticity for various reasons, causing greater resistance to blood flow through them, and the normal pressure no longer allows blood to pass through these small arteries properly, and blood pressure rises.

The key is that these changes are qualitative and irreversible!  

Almost all contemporary formal treatments for hypertension are based on  antihypertensive drugs and are aimed at "control" rather than "cure".

3. Some people ask, why do I have to lower my blood pressure? 

Simply put, lowering blood pressure is not about the blood pressure itself, but about avoiding more serious problems.

This is because if blood pressure is poorly controlled over time, abnormally high blood pressure is extremely destructive to every organ in the body, especially the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes. The result of all this damage can have a serious impact on life expectancy and quality of life. For every 20 mmHg rise in blood pressure, the risk of death doubles.

4. High blood pressure needs to be lowered or you will face many dangers.

The effect of blood pressure lowering needs to be monitored by long-term standardized blood pressure measurement, not by feeling, but by looking at the numbers.

When the effect of lowering blood pressure is not good, it is necessary to see a doctor and adjust the treatment plan until the standard is reached.

The best way to lower blood pressure varies from person to person and from condition to condition, but for most people, systolic blood pressure is below 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure is below 90 mmHg. For patients over 60 years of age, or those with kidney disease or coronary heart disease, there are different goals for lowering blood pressure, as prescribed by the doctor.

5. Adhering to a good lifestyle, hypertensive patients can avoid taking  antihypertensive drugs?

Many people already know that exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation, low salt and low fat diet ...... which are good lifestyles, can help a lot in improving hypertension and preventing various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. So another view has emerged that by adhering to a good lifestyle, hypertensive patients can avoid taking antihypertensive drugs.

This argument is overly optimistic. In fact, the effect of these lifestyles is far from a "cure" for hypertension. Even a completely healthy lifestyle is only likely to return early, mild hypertension to normal. And, if you don't take your medication and exercise with very high blood pressure, you are also prone to cardiovascular emergencies! Lifestyle and antihypertensive drugs work in tandem, remember!

6. In fact, it is the fluctuations in blood pressure that are more harmful than high blood pressure.

Too many people with hypertension make a big deal out of this. Take antihypertensive medication for a while, take their blood pressure, see that it's normal, stop taking it, or take it again after a while.

This approach can lead to dramatic fluctuations in blood pressure. Patients with hypertension have poorer vascular elasticity and regulation than normal people, and dramatic fluctuations in blood pressure cannot be buffered like normal people, which is very dangerous, and their risk of brain hemorrhage/infarction can be as high as 6.2 times that of people with well-controlled blood pressure!

The newer contemporary antihypertensive drugs have minimal side effects when used regularly and are not a problem when taken for long periods of time under medical supervision. The consequences of interrupting treatment or reducing dosage are serious!

If you need more information, you can also refer to the links below:

NIH

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6 Most Typical High Blood Pressure Symptoms

High blood pressure usually comes without warning, and many people have elevated blood pressure without even knowing it. When symptoms such as blurred vision and loss of consciousness occur, they can cause damage to organs, such as heart, brain, kidney and so on. Therefore,  Hypertension is also known as the "silent killer", so everyone, especially the eight groups I wrote about in my last article, must know their blood pressure. I'll tell you more about the symptoms of hypertension, especially the early symptoms of hypertension.

The typical high blood pressure symptoms

The typical symptoms of high blood pressure mainly include headache, dizziness, dizziness, head distension, etc., and severe cases can be manifested as asthma, dyspnea, edema, visual impairment, nausea, vomiting, hemiplegia, oliguria, chest pain and other complications. However, there are not many patients with typical symptoms, many hypertension are asymptomatic, even systolic blood pressure is above 200mmHg, clinical asymptomatic or mild symptoms are not uncommon.

1. Dizzy

Dizziness is the most common high blood pressure symptoms. Some are transient, occurring when squatting or standing up suddenly, and some are persistent. Dizziness is the main pain of the patient, the head has persistent dull discomfort, serious impede thinking, affect the work, lose interest in the surrounding things, when the occurrence of hypertensive crisis or vertebrobasilar artery blood supply is insufficient, can appear and inner ear vertigo similar symptoms.

2. Headache

Headache is also a common high blood pressure symptoms, more for persistent dull pain or throbbing pain, and even a burst of sharp pain. Often occurs when waking up in the morning, get up activities and gradually reduce after meals. The pain is mostly in the temples on both sides of the forehead and the back of the head.

3. Irritability, heart palpitations and insomnia

The disposition of patients with hypertension is more irritable, sensitive and excitable. Palpitations, insomnia is more common, insomnia is more difficult to fall asleep or early wake up, sleep is not real, nightmare, easy to wake up. This is concerned with cerebral cortex function disorder and plant nerve function disorder.

4. Lack of concentration and memory

Early more not obvious, but with the development of the disease and gradually aggravated. It often becomes one of the reasons for patients to seek medical treatment because of its distressing effect, which is manifested by easy distraction of attention, recent memory loss, and often difficult to remember recent events, while memories of the past, such as childhood events, are still vivid.

5. Numbness

Common numbness of fingers, toes or skin, such as mosquito or back muscle tension, pain. Some patients often feel that the fingers are not flexible. Generally after appropriate treatment can be improved, but if the limb numbness is stubborn, lasts for a long time, and fixed in a limb, accompanied by limb weakness, cramps, jumping pain, should be timely to the hospital to see a doctor, prevent stroke.

6. Flow nosebleed

Relatively rare. Because high blood pressure can cause arteriosclerosis, make blood vessel elasticity decrease, brittleness increase, it is easy to rupture bleeding. Among them, nosebleed is more common, followed by conjunctival hemorrhage, fundus hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, etc. According to statistics, in a large number of patients with nosebleed, about 80% suffer from hypertension.

Hypertension is a very common chronic disease in clinical practice, and when it comes to hypertension, it can easily lead to various adverse manifestations, and even pose a threat to health due to the continuous rise in blood pressure. The signs of hypertension should be treated as soon as possible, and blood pressure should be actively controlled in a reasonable way, otherwise it may affect normal life and even shorten one's life expectancy if it continues to soar.

If you need more information, you can also refer to the links below:

1 Centers for Disease Control and prevention

2 all photoes from pexels

8 Most common high blood pressure causes

Hypertension has been a very common disease in modern society, which is more common in middle-aged and elderly people. Hypertension is an important disease that threatens the life safety of the majority of middle-aged and elderly people. It is easy to cause a variety of dangerous complications, especially to the heart, brain, and kidney. So what are the causes of hypertension?Let's watch the video first to get a brief idea.

Through the video we know the 8 causes of hypertension, and I will elaborate on them one by one.

1. Genetics. 

Hypertension has obvious familial clustering and genetic predisposition, which is determined by at least 20-40% variation of blood pressure in the investigated population, and also belongs to the high blood pressure causes. In children with parents without hypertension, the risk was 3%; A 28% chance of having a parent with hypertension; If both parents have high blood pressure, the probability of their children having high blood pressure is 46%. When I was 11 years old, my father began to take antihypertensive drugs, and I clearly remember the scene when my father was in the hospital. And I started taking my blood pressure medication this year.

2. Gender and Age

Due to the special menstrual cycle of women, the probability of high blood pressure in women is much lower than that in men before menopause, but after menopause, the incidence rate will rise rapidly and even far exceed that in men.

3. High salt. 

A diet high in sodium and low in potassium is an high blood pressure causes. The World Health Organization recommends 5 grams of sodium per day for the average person. Many countries and regions far exceed this standard due to living habits and personal tastes. A high sodium diet is the cause of high blood pressure, and low potassium, low calcium, low animal protein diet is exacerbated by high sodium on blood pressure has a very adverse effect. 

I have also written a detailed article about high salt causing high blood pressure, you can also read it if you are interested.

4. Bad living habits. 

Poor living habits and eating habits may cause high blood pressure, especially diet has an important impact on hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Excessive salt intake, large amounts of alcohol, smoking, and fat intake can all cause high blood pressure. Other studies have shown that people who often stay up late are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure and even have a stroke while keeping a well-organized life and getting into the habit of going to bed early can minimize the risk of high blood pressure.

5. Overweight and obese. 

There was a clear correlation between arterial blood pressure and relative weight in both hypertensive and normal blood pressure groups, as well as adults and adolescents, and the higher the body weight, the greater the risk of high blood pressure. This is one of the more common causes of high blood pressure. Control your diet, exercise, and stay away from fat.

The relationship between overweight and hypertension is described in detail in another article.

6. Work and life pressure. 

With the continuous development of society, more and more competitive pressure, coupled with rising prices and housing prices, lead to more and more pressure in people's lives, it is easy to cause a series of changes in the human body, resulting in increased secretion of catecholamines in the body, they will cause the contraction of blood vessels, increased heart load, cause hypertension. Adjust a good state of mind, more outdoor exercise, is a good way to decompress.

7. Personality type.

Personality also has a close relationship with the occurrence of hypertension, temperament irritable people are more prone to hypertension. For example, hormones that cause blood vessels to constrict are secreted when people are angry or irritable, and blood vessel constrict causes blood pressure to rise.

8. Drink alcohol. 

Small amounts of alcohol do not harm blood pressure. However, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were associated with daily alcohol consumption. Compared with abstainers, men who drank consistently had a 40 percent increased risk of high blood pressure over four years. This is the main high blood pressure causes

The above content is the etiology of hypertension I sorted out for you, I hope it can help you. At the same time, once again remind patients with hypertension in peacetime must pay attention to their blood pressure nursing work. Let health always accompany you.

You can also get more information at the links below:

1 Centers for Disease control prevention

2 All images are from Pexels