There are many terms commonly used for hypertension.
(1) Blood pressure. Blood pressure refers to the lateral pressure of the blood in the blood vessel to the blood vessel wall per unit area, namely pressure.
Since blood vessels are divided into arteries, capillaries, and veins, there is also arterial, capillary, and venous blood pressure. Blood pressure is usually referred to as arterial blood pressure. When blood vessels dilate, blood pressure drops; Blood pressure rises when blood vessels constrict.
(2) Factors affecting blood pressure. ① Increase or decreased blood volume. (2) contraction or expansion of blood vessels. ③ Contractility of the myocardium. What we say at ordinary times "blood pressure" refers to the blood pressure determination of blood vessels of arm fossa namely to upper arm brachial artery actually, it is an indirect determination to great artery blood pressure.
(3) Blood pressure was measured occasionally. The blood pressure of a subject was taken without any preparation.
(4) Ambulate blood pressure. An autograph is used to measure a person's blood pressure at regular intervals over 24 hours. Ambulate blood pressure includes systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate, as well as their maximum and minimum values.
(5) Hypertension. An abnormal increase in arterial blood pressure above normal.
(6) Systolic pressure. As the ventricles contract, the pressure of the aorta rises sharply, reaching a peak in the middle of the systole period. The value of the arterial blood pressure at this time is called systolic pressure, also known as "high pressure."
(7) Diastolic blood pressure. During ventricular diastole, aortic pressure drops, and the lowest value of arterial blood pressure at the end of cardiac relaxation is called diastolic blood pressure, also known as "low pressure".
(8) pulse pressure. The difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.
(9) Mean arterial pressure. The average value of arterial blood pressure of every instant in a cardiac cycle, add about equal diastolic blood pressure 1/3 pulse pressure.
(10).KPa Kilopascals are usually used to indicate blood pressure.
(11) mmHg. "Millimetres of mercury" is the height of the column of mercury used to measure blood pressure.
1mmHg = 0.133 kPa(kilopascals)
7.5 mmHg =1kPa(kilopascals)
(12) Ideal blood pressure Systolic blood pressure <120ramHg and diastolic blood pressure>80 MMHG.
(13) Normal blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure should be. 130mmHg, diastolic blood pressure >85 MMHG.
(14) High normal blood pressure or pre-hypertension. Systolic blood pressure ranges from 130 to 139mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ranges from 85 to 89mmHg.
(15) Hypertension. Systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 MMHG.
(16) Borderline hypertension. The systolic blood pressure was 140 ~ 160mmHg(18.6 ~ 21.3 kPa), and the diastolic blood pressure was 90 ~ 95mmHg(12.0 ~ 12.6 kPa).
(17)Creatinine. Creatine metabolites in the human body. Creatine is produced at a steady rate, proportional to muscle volume, and releases creatinine at a steady rate into the blood, where it travels to the kidneys and is excreted from the body in the urine. Long-term hypertension damages kidney function, make the kidney the excrement of blood creatinine is reduced, make blood creatinine rise.
(18) Ultrasound examination of the heart. Also called ultrasonic cardiogram, can reflect each valve is normal morphology, activity, size and shape of each atrial ventricular heart around the great vessels in and out of the heart, presence of congenital heart disease or heart damage rheumatic heart disease, pericardial effusion, all sorts of cardiomyopathy, detection caused by hypertension left ventricular hypertrophy and evaluate cardiac function.
(19) Essential hypertension. Hypertension of unknown cause, accounting for more than 90%, is currently difficult to cure but can be controlled. Also called hypertension.
(20) Secondary hypertension. Also known as symptomatic hypertension. Due to certain diseases (kidney disease, endocrine diseases such as adrenal tumor or hyperplasia, and other reasons) in the process of its development, after the cure of the primary disease, blood pressure will also drop, accounting for 5% to 10% of patients with hypertension.
(21) High blood pressure. People who live in the plateau area for a long time have increased blood pressure (especially diastolic blood pressure is more common), but there are no other conditions that lead to hypertension. After returning to the plain without antihypertensive treatment, their blood pressure soon returns to normal, which is called high blood pressure.
(22) Sleep hypertension. Blood pressure increases during or after sleep.
(23) Progressive malignant hypertension. Including progressive hypertension and malignant hypertension. Acute hypertension is a condition that begins as a rapid progression, or after several years of slow process suddenly rapid development. Malignant hypertension is the most serious stage of progressive hypertension.
(24) Progressive hypertension. Insidious onset, slow development of the disease, the course of the disease is long, up to decades, more in people over the age of 40.
(25) Refractory hypertension. In a small number of patients with hypertension, the diastolic blood pressure (DIastolic blood pressure) remained above 115mmHg(15.2kpa) despite receiving a large dose of 3 or more drugs, which is called refractory hypertension.
(26) Hypertension in the elderly. Systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure I> 90 MMHG.
(27) Simple systolic hypertension. A person's diastolic blood pressure is not high, only systolic blood pressure is outside the normal range. In 1999, the world Health Organization stipulated that the standard of simple systolic hypertension was systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure>90 MMHG. If systolic blood pressure is 140 ~ 149mmHg, diastolic blood pressure < 90mmHg is considered critical simple systolic hypertension.
(28) Renal vascular hypertension. A disease of narrowing or occlusion of the renal artery or its main branches, resulting in decreased renal blood flow or hypertension due to ischemia.
(29) Renal hypertension. Renal vascular or parenchymal diseases, such as renal artery stenosis, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, polycystic kidney hypertension, etc.
(30) Iatrogenic hypertension. Doctors improper medication caused by patients with high blood pressure, beyond the normal value of hypertension, also known as drug-induced hypertension.
(31) White coat hypertension. An individual's blood pressure rises when measured in a hospital or clinic setting, but is normal in other Settings. This has also been defined in some ways as independent office hypertension.
(32) blood pressure restlessness. A condition characterized by excessive attention to one's blood pressure and the ability to calm down by repeatedly measuring it several times a day.
(33) Hypertensive encephalopathy. It is mainly due to the sudden increase of blood pressure based on original hypertension, as high as 200 ~ 260mmHg / 140 ~ 180mmHg. It causes cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure, resulting in a clinical syndrome of sudden change.
(34) Hypertensive crisis. Based on hypertension, temporary contraction of peripheral arterioles leads to a sharp increase in blood pressure, which is a special clinical syndrome occurring in the process of hypertension.
(35) stroke. Also known as stroke, medical called cerebrovascular disease, divided into two categories, one is cerebral thrombosis, one is cerebral hemorrhage. 86% of strokes are caused by high blood pressure.
(36) Transient ischemic attack (TIA). Also known as transient cerebral ischemia, commonly known as "small stroke", refers to the carotid artery system occurs transient (transient) insufficient blood supply, resulting in transient ischemia of the brain tissue in the blood supply area, resulting in local neurological dysfunction, and the occurrence of corresponding symptoms and signs.
(37) Cerebral infarction (cerebral thrombosis). The cerebral artery is blocked due to some reasons, the blood vessel is interrupted so that the brain tissue that the blood vessel introduces loses blood flow supply and necrosis and produces corresponding clinical symptoms and signs, such as hemiplegia, hemianopsia, aphasia, etc.
(38) Cerebral hemorrhage. Cerebral artery blood vessel ruptures as a result of haemorrhage, blood flow person forms hematoma in brain tissue, cause the necrosis of brain tissue at the same time, also can produce the symptom and sign such as hemiplegia, partial body feeling disorder, hemianopsia, aphasia.
(39) High blood lipid. Also known as hyperlipidemia, it refers to the abnormal metabolism of fat in the body caused by the increase in blood lipid, or the change of blood lipid level beyond the normal range.
(40) hypercholesterolemia. Pure cholesterol (Tc) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were increased.
(41) Mixed hyperlipemia. Both cholesterol and triglyceride increased.
(42) heart. It is composed of two heart pumps: the right heart pumps blood to the lungs; The left side of the heart pumps blood to the body's organs. Each side of the heart is made up of the atria and ventricles.
(43) Circulatory organs. Including the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic system, which are connected and form a closed "management system."
(44) Cardiovascular system. A closed transportation system consisting of the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.
(45) Coronary heart disease. When the coronary artery, the blood vessel that supplies heart blood produces apparent atheromatous sclerosis sex to narrow or block namely, or amalgamative spasm, thrombectomy is formed on this basis to cause lumen part or complete block, caused coronary heart disease when coronary artery supplies blood insufficient, the myocardium is ischemic or infarct is necrotic. It was divided into asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden death.
(46) Angina. A clinical syndrome caused by coronary artery insufficiency, acute, and temporary myocardial ischemia, and hypoxia.
(47) Myocardial infarction. Myocardial ischemic necrosis, based on coronary artery disease, coronary artery blood supply dramatically reduced or interrupted so that the corresponding myocardial serious and lasting acute ischemia caused by.
(48) sudden death. She suffered a sudden cardiac arrest and died.
(49) Renal failure. Call renal function small full again, it is to point to the progressive kidney damage that all sorts of reasons include hypertension to cause, cause the kidney cannot maintain its basic function if cannot discharge the metabolic waste in the body, cannot adjust water-salt balance to wait. Clinical manifestations include oliguria, anuria, and systemic involvement.
(50) Heart failure. Heart failure has circumfluence of the blood of right amount in case, due to long-term overloaded heart or myocardial contraction force drops, the heart cannot enough blood satisfies eduction constituent metabolization need, so that the surrounding tissue perfusion inadequacy and pulmonary circulation or systemic blood, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms and signs, were heart failure gratified the function is not complete. The severity of the disease is divided into acute and chronic heart failure (CHF). Chronic heart failure is also known as congestive heart failure. It can be divided into left heart failure and right heart failure according to its site and clinical manifestations.
(51) Arrhythmia. Abnormal cardiac frequency and rhythm. There are slow type and fast type.
(52) Antihypertensive drugs. Also known as antihypertensive drugs, they can be divided into six categories: ① diuretics ② angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ③ angiotensin ⅱ receptor (ATL) blockers ④B receptor blockers ⑤ calcium antagonists ⑥α receptor blockers.
(53) Compliance with medication. Refers to whether hypertensive patients can adhere to the treatment and control blood pressure according to the doctor's instructions.
(54) receptor. A special biomolecule in cell membrane or cell that can specifically bind to certain chemical substances (such as transmitters, modulators, hormones, etc.) and induce biological effects.
(55) Calcium antagonist. Drugs that selectively block the entry of Ca2 through voltage-dependent calcium channels on the cell membrane and reduce intracellular Ca2+ concentration, thereby affecting cellular function, are also known as calcium channel blockers, which can dilate arteries, reduce blood pressure, and also treat angina.
(56) Diuretics. A drug that acts on the kidneys and increases electrolyte and water excretion, resulting in increased urine production.
(57) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI). It can inhibit the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and thus reduce the formation of angiotensin ⅱ.
(58) The palm-to-peak ratio (T/P ratio) of antihypertensive drugs. The decrease in the lowest drug effect is divided by the decrease in the highest hypotensive effect
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